Journal of Sports Science and Medicine

Table 4. Cardiorespiratory and metabolic parameters for the pooled data during alpine skiing (AS), cross-country skiing (XCS) and indoor cycling (IC) for male (n=12) vs. female (n=7), young (n=10) vs. old (n=9), and fit (n=10) vs. unfit (n=9). Data are means (±SE).

	Gender		Age		Fitness Level			ANOVA (p-value)
	Male	Female	Young	Old	Fit	Unfit	Gender	Age	Fitness
HR_peak (bpm)	145(3)	155(4)	156(3)	139(3)	149(3)	149(3)	p=.042	p=.002	NS
Rel. HR_peak (% HR_max)	84(1)	88(1)	85(1)	87(1)	83(1)	87(1)	p=.023	NS	p=.021
Blood lactate (mmol·L^-1)	4.2 (.3)	3.1 (.5)	3.7 (.4)	3.7 (.4)	3.2 (.4)	4.1 (.4)	NS	NS	NS
Rel. lactate (% peak lactate)	45(4)	42(6)	38(5)	51(5)	32(5)	52(5)	NS	NS	p=.015
RER_mean	1.00 (.02)	.99 (.02)	.97 (.02)	1.02 (.02)	.97 (.02)	1.03 (.02)	NS	NS	NS
VO_2peak (ml·kg^-1·min^-1)	34.3 (1.1)	25.9 (1.3)	34.3 (1.1)	28.7 (1.2)	36.0 (1.3)	27.0 (1.0)	p=.001	p=.009	p<.001
VO_2steadystate (ml·kg^-1·min^-1)	29.8 (.9)	22.4 (1.1)	29.8 (.9)	22.4 (1.1)	29.8 (.9)	22.4 (1.1)	p<.001	p<.001	p<.001
Rel. VO_2peak %VO_2max	80(4)	86(5)	85(4)	79(4)	79(5)	84(4)	NS	NS	NS
EE_{steady state} (kcal·h^-1)	758(30)	477(39)	717(32)	611(35)	695(38)	634(29)	p<.001	NS	NS
EE_{4 min} (kcal)	51.5 (2.2)	35.1 (3.3)	44.8 (2.0)	38.2 (2.1)	43.4 (2.3)	39.5 (1.8)	p=.002	p=.049	NS
RPE_whole-body	12.9 (.3)	11.9 (.5)	12.2 (.4)	12.8 (.4)	13.0 (.4)	12.1 (.4)	NS	NS	NS
RPE_arms	10.5 (.5)	9.4 (.7)	9.5 (.6)	10.8 (.6)	10.4 (.6)	9.8 (.6)	NS	NS	NS
RPE_legs	13.5 (.3)	12.5 (.4)	13.0 (.4)	13.2 (.3)	13.8 (.3)	12.5 (.4)	NS	NS	p=.022

HR, heart rate; RER, respiratory exchange ratio; VO₂, oxygen uptake; EE, energy expenditure; EE_{steady_state}, estimated energy expenditure over one hour based on the EE during the last minute of each intensity stage; EE_4min, exact energy expenditure during each of the 4-min stages; NS, not significant.