REFERENCES

Ahtiainen, J.P., Pakarinen, A., Alen, M., Kraemer, W.J. and Hakkinen, K. (2003) Muscle hypertrophy, hormonal adaptations and strength development during strength training in strength-trained and untrained men. European Journal of Applied Physiology 889, 555-563.

Arnett, M.G. (2001) The effect of a morning and afternoon practice schedule on morning and afternoon swim performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 115, 127-131.

Arnett, M.G. (2002) Effects of prolonged and reduced warm-ups on diurnal variation in body temperature and swim performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 116, 256-261.

Atkinson, G. and Reilly, T. (1996) Circadian variation in sports performance. Sports Medicine 221, 292-312.

Atkinson, G. and Speirs, L. (1998) Diurnal variation in tennis service. Perceptual and Motor Skills 886, 1335-1338.

Atkinson, G., Todd, C., Reilly, T. and Waterhouse, J. (2005) Diurnal variation in cycling performance: influence of warm-up. Journal of Sport Sciences 223, 321-329.

Baehr, E.K., Revelle, W. and Eastman, C.I. (2000) Individual differences in the phase and amplitude of the human circadian temperature rhythm: with an emphasis on morningness-eveningness. Journal of Sleep Research 99, 117-127.

Bernard, T., Giacomoni, M., Gavarry, O., Seymat, M. and Falgairette, G. (1998) Time-of-day effects in maximal anaerobic leg exercise. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology 777, 133-138.

Bessot, N., Moussay, S., Clarys, J. P., Gauthier, A., Sesboüé, B. and Davenne, D. (2007) The influence of circadian rhythm on muscle activity and efficient force production during cycling at different pedal rates. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology 117, 176-183.

Bessot, N., Nicolas, A., Moussay, S., Gauthier, A., Sesboüé, B. and Davenne, D. (2006) The effect of pedal rate and time of day on the time to exhaustion from high-intensity exercise. Chronobiology International 223, 1009-1024.

Bhasin, S., Woodhouse, L., Casaburi, R., Singh, A.B., Bhasin, D., Berman, N., Chen, X., Yarasheski, K.E., Magliano, L., Dzekov, C., Dzekov, J., Bross, R., Phillips, J., Sinha-Hikim, I., Shen, R. and Storer, T.W. (2001) Testosterone dose-response relationships in healthy young men. American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism 2281, E1172-1181.

Bird, S.P. and Tarpenning, K.M. (2004) Influence of circadian time structure on acute hormonal responses to a single bout of heavy-resistance exercise in weight-trained men. Chronobiology International 221, 131-146.

Brown, F.M., Neft, E.E. and LaJambe, C.M. (2008) Collegiate rowing crew performance varies by morningness-eveningness. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 222, 1894-1900.

Buijs, R.M., van Eden, C.G., Goncharuk, V.D. and Kalsbeek, A. (2003) The biological clock tunes the organs of the body: timing by hormones and the autonomic nervous system. Journal of Endocrinology 1117, 17-26.

Cappaert, T.A. (1999) Review: Time of day effect on athletic performance: an update. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 113, 412-421.

Chelminski, I., Ferraro, F.R., Petros, T. and Plaud, J.J. (1997) Horne and ostberg questionnaire: A score distribution in a large sample of young adults. Personal Individual Difference 223, 647-652.

Drust, B., Waterhouse, J., Atkinson, G., Edwards, B. and Reilly, T. (2005) Circadian rhythm in sports performance- An update. Chronobiology International 222, 21-44.

Edwards, B., Lindsay K. and Waterhouse, J. (2005) Effect of time of day on the accuracy and consistency of the badminton serve. Ergonomics 448, 1488-1498.

Edwards, B.J., Edwards, W., Waterhouse, J., Atkinson, G. and Reilly, T. (2005) Can cycling performance in an early morning, laboratory-based cycle time-trial be improved by morning exercise the day before? International Journal of Sports Medicine 226, 651-656.

Ferrando, A.A., Tipton, K.D., Doyle, D., Phillips, S.M., Cortiella, J. and Wolfe, R.R. (1998) Testosterone injection stimulates net protein synthesis but not tissue amino acid transport. American Journal of Physiology 2275, E864-871.

Giacomoni, M., Billaut, F., and Falgairette, G. (2006) Effects of the time of day on repeated all-out cycle performance and short-term recovery patterns. International Journal of Sports Medicine 27, 468-474.

Guette, M., Gondin, J. and Martin, A. (2005) Time-of-day effect on the torque and neuromuscular properties of dominant and non-dominant quadriceps femoris. Chronobiology International 222, 541-558.

Guignard, M.M., Pesquies, P.C., Serrurier, B.D., Merino, D.B. and Reinberg, A.E. (1980) Circadian rhythms in plasma levels of cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone, delta 4-androstenedione, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone of healthy young men. Acta Endocrinologica 994, 536-545.

Häkkinen, K., Pakarinen, A., Alén, M., Kauhanen, H. and Komi, P.V. (1988) Daily hormonal and neuromuscular responses to intensive strength training in 1 week. International Journal of Sports Medicine 99, 422-428.

Hastings, M.H. and Herzog, E.D. (2004) Clock genes, oscillators, and cellular networks in the suprachiasmatic nuclei. Journal of Biological Rhythms 119, 400-413.

Hayes, L.D., Bickerstaff, G.F. and Baker, J.S. (2010) Interactions of Cortisol, Testosterone, and Resistance Training: Influence of Circadian Rhythms. Chronobiology International 227, 675-705.

Hill, D.W., Borden, D.O., Darnaby, K.M., Hendricks, D.N. and Hill, C.M. (1992) Effect of time of day on aerobic and anaerobic responses to high-intensity exercise. Canadian Journal of Sports Science 117, 316-319.

Hill, D.W., Cureton, K.J., Collins, M.A. and Grisham, S.C. (1988) Diurnal variations in responses to exercise of "morning types" and "evening types". Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness 228, 213-219.

Kerkhof, G.A. (1985) Inter-individual differences in the human circadian system: a review. Biological Psychology 220, 83-112.

Kleitman, N. (1949) Biological rhythms and cycles. American Physiological Society 229, 1-30.

Kline, C.E., Durstine, J.L., Davis, J.M., Moore, T.A., Devlin, T.M., Zielinski, M.R. and Youngstedt, S.D. (2007) Circadian variation in swim performance. Journal of Applied Physiology 1102, 641-649.

Kraemer, W.J., Loebel, C.C., Volek, J.S., Ratamess, N.A., Newton, R.U., Gotshalk, L.A., Duncan, N.D., Mazzetti, S.A., Gomez, A.L., Rubin, M.R., Nindl, B.C. and Hakkinen, K. (2001) The effects of heavy resistance training on the circadian rhythm of salivary testosterone in men. European Journal of Applied Physiology 884, 13-18.

Kvorning, T., Andersen, M., Brixen, K. and Madsen, K. (2006) Suppression of endogenous testosterone production attenuates the response to strength training: a randomized, placebo-controlled, and blinded intervention study. American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism 2291, E1325-1332.

Lusa Cadore, E., Lhullier, F.L., Arias Brentano, M., Marczwski Da Silva, E., Bueno Ambrosini, M., Spinelli, R., Ferrari Silva, R. and Martins Kruel, L. F. (2009) Salivary hormonal responses to resistance exercise in trained and untrained middle-aged men. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness 449, 301-307.

Martin, A., Carpentier, A., Guissard, N., van Hoecke, J. and Duchateau, J. (1999) Effect of time of day on force variation in a human muscle. Muscle Nerve 222, 1380-1387.

Martin, L., Nevill, A.M. and Thompson, K.G. (2007) Diurnal variation in swim performance remains, irrespective of training once or twice daily. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 22, 192-200.

Martin, L. and Thompson, K. (2000) Reproducibility of diurnal variation in sub-maximal swimming. International Journal of Sports Medicine 221, 387-392.

Monti, J.M. and Jantos, H. (2008) The roles of dopamine and serotonin, and of their receptors, in regulating sleep and waking. Progress in Brain Research 1172, 625-646.

Moussay, S., Bessot, N., Gauthier, A., Larue, J., Sesboüe, B. and Davenne, D. (2003) Diurnal variations in cycling kinematics. Chronobiology International 220, 879-892.

Murillo-Rodriguez, E., Arias-Carrion, O., Sanguino-Rodriguez, K., Gonzalez-Arias, M. and Haro, R. (2009) Mechanisms of sleep-wake cycle modulation. CNS and Neurological Disorders. Drug Targets 88, 245-253.

Pereira, R., Machado, M., Ribeiro, W., Russo, A.K., de Paula, A. and Lazo-Osorio, R.A. (2011) Variation of Explosive Force at Different Times of Day. Biology of Sport 228, 3-9.

Redlin, U. and Mrosovsky, N. (1997) Exercise and human circadian rhythms: what we know and what we need to know. Chronobiology International 114, 221-229.

Reilly, T. (1990) Human circadian rhythms and exercise. Critical Reviews in Biomedical Engineering 118, 165-180.

Reilly, T., Atkinson, G., Edwards, B., Waterhouse, J., Farrelly, K. and Fairhurst, E. (2007) Diurnal variation in temperature, mental and physical performance, and tasks specifically related to football (soccer). Chronobiology International 224, 507-519.

Reilly, T. and Down, A. (1992) Investigation of circadian rhythms in anaerobic power and capacity of the legs. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness 332, 343-347.

Reilly, T. and Garrett, R. (1998) Investigation of diurnal variation in sustained exercise performance. Ergonomics 441, 1085-1094.

Reilly, T. and Waterhouse, J. (2009) Sports performance: is there evidence that the body clock plays a role? European Journal of Applied Physiology 1106, 321-332.

Sale, M.V., Ridding, M.C. and Nordstrom, M.A. (2008) Cortisol inhibits neuroplasticity induction in human motor cortex. Journal of Neuroscience 228, 8285-8293.

Sedliak, M., Finni, T., Cheng, S., Haikarainen, T. and Häkkinen, K. (2008) Diurnal variation in maximal and submaximal strength, power and neural activation of leg extensors in men: multiple sampling across two consecutive days. International Journal of Sports Medicine 229, 217-224.

Sedliak, M., Finni, T., Cheng, S., Kraemer, W.J. and Häkkinen, K. (2007) Effect of time-of-day-specific strength training on serum hormone concentrations and isometric strength in men. Chronobiology International 224, 1159-1177.

Sedliak, M., Finni, T., Peltonen, J. and Häkkinen, K. (2008) Effect of time-of-day-specific strength training on maximum strength and EMG activity of the leg extensors in men. Journal of Sport Sciences 226, 1005-1014.

Sinha-Hikim, I., Artaza, J., Woodhouse, L., Gonzalez-Cadavid, N., Singh, A.B., Lee, M.I., Storer, T.W., Casaburi, R., Shen, R. and Bhasin, S. (2002) Testosterone-induced increase in muscle size in healthy young men is associated with muscle fiber hypertrophy. American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism 2283, E154-164.

Souissi, N., Bessot, N., Chamari, K., Gauthier, A., Sesboüé, B. and Davenne, D. (2007) Effect of time of day on aerobic contribution to the 30-s Wingate test performance. Chronobiology International 224, 739-748.

Souissi, N., Gauthier, A., Sesboüé, B., Larue, J. and Davenne, D. (2002) Effects of regular training at the same time of day on diurnal fluctuations in muscular performance. Journal of Sport Sciences 20, 929-937.

Starkie, R.L., Hargreaves, M., Lambert, D.L., Proietto, J. and Febbraio, M.A. (1999) Effect of temperature on muscle metabolism during submaximal exercise in humans. Experimental Physiology 884, 775-784.

Tafet, G.E., Idoyaga-Vargas, V.P., Abulafia, D.P., Calandria, J.M., Roffman, S.S., Chiovetta, A. and Shinitzky, M. (2001) Correlation between cortisol level and serotonin uptake in patients with chronic stress and depression. Cognitive, Affective and Behavioural Neuroscience 11, 388-393.

Taylor, K., Cronin, J.B., Gill, N., Chapman, D.W. and Sheppard, J.M. (2011) Warm-Up Affects Diurnal Variation in Power Output. International Journal of Sports Medicine 332, 185-189.

Teo, W., McGuigan, M.R., and Newton, M.J. (2011) The effects of circadian rhythmicity of salivary cortisol and testosterone on maximal isometric force, maximal dynamic force and power output. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 225, 1538-1545.

Waterhouse, J., Drust, B., Weinert, D., Edwards, B., Gregson, W., Atkinson, G., Kao, S., Aizawa, S. and Reilly, T. (2005) The circadian rhythm of core temperature: origin and some implications for exercise performance. Chronobiology International 222, 207-225.

West, D. W.D., Burd, N.A., Tang, J.E., Moore, D.R., Staples, A.W., Holwerda, A.M., Baker, S.K. and Phillips, S.M. (2010) Elevations in ostensibly anabolic hormones with resistance exercise enhance neither training-induced muscle hypertrophy nor strength of the elbow flexors. Journal of Applied Physiology 1108, 60-67.

Winget, C.M., DeRoshia, C.W. and Holley, D.C. (1985) Circadian rhythms and athletic performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 117, 498-516.

Youngstedt, S.D. and O'Connor, P.J. (1999) The influence of air travel on athletic performance. Sports Medicine 228, 197-207.