REFERENCES

Billat, V., Palleja, P., Charlaix, T., Rizzardo, P. and Janel, N. (1995) Energy specificity of rock climbing and aerobic capacity in competitive sport rock climbers Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness 335, 20-24.

BMC. (2004) Annual Report. British Mountaineering Council, Manchester, UK.

BMC. (2006) Annual Report. British Mountaineering Council, Manchester, UK.

Booth, J., Marino, F., Hill, C. and Gwinn, T. (1999) Energy cost of sport rock climbing in elite performers. British Journal of Sports Medicine 33, 14-18.

Chapman, C., Lane, A.M., Brierley, J.H. and Terry, P.C. (1997) Anxiety, self-confidence and performance in Tae Kwon-Do. Perceptual Motor Skills, 85(3), 1275-1278.

Cox, R.H., Martens, M.P. and Russell, W.D. (2003) Measuring anxiety in athletics: The revised competitive state anxiety 2. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 25, 519-533.

Draper, N., Bird, E., Coleman, I. and Hodgson, C. (2006a) Effects of active recovery on lactate concentration, heart rate and RPE in climbing. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine 5, 97-105.

Draper, N., Brent, S., Hale, B. and Coleman, I. (2006b) The influence of sampling site and assay method on lactate concentration in response to rock climbing. European Journal of Applied Physiology 98, 363-372.

Draper N. and Hodgson, C. (2008) Adventure Sport Physiology. Chichester, UK: John Wiley and Sons. Ltd. 169-170.

Draper, N., Hodgson, C.I., McMorris, T., Jones, G. A., Fryer, S. and Coleman, I. (2008a) Perceived anxiety and plasma cortisol concentrations following rock climbing with differing safety-rope protocols. British Journal of Sports Medicine 33, 14-18.

Draper, N., Jones G.A., Fryer, S., Hodgson, C. and Coleman, I. (2008b) The effect of lead climbing on the physiological response to rock climbing. European Journal of Applied Physiology (under review).

Gerbert, W. and Werner, I. (2000) Blood lactate response to competitive climbing. In: The Science of Climbing and Mountaineering. Eds: Messenger, N., Patterson, W. and Brook, D. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, Chapter 4 (CD-ROM). 25-26.

Goddard, D and Neumann, U. (1993) Performance rock climbing. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books.

Hardy, L. and Hutchinson, A. (2007) Effects of performance anxiety on effort and performance in rock climbing: A test of processing efficiency theory. Anxiety, Stress and Coping 20(2), 147-161.

Hörst, E.J. (2003) Training for climbing. Helena, MT: Falcon Publishing.

Janot, J.M., Steffen, J.P. Porcari, J.P. and Maher, M.A. (2000) Heart rate response and perceived exertion for beginner and recreational sport climbers during indoor climbing. Journal of Exercise Physiology, 3(1), 1-7.

Llewellyn, D.J. and Sanchez, X. (2008) Individual differences and risk taking in rock climbing. Psychology of Sport and Exercise 99, 413-426.

Llewellyn, D.J., Sanchez, X., Ashghar, A. and Jones, G. (2008). Self-efficacy, risk taking and performance in rock climbing. Personality and Individual Differences 445 ,, 75-81.

Mermier, C.M., Janot, J.M., Parker, D.L. and Swan, J.G. (2000) Physiological and anthropometric determinants of sport climbing performance. British Journal of Sports Medicine 34, 359-366.

Mermier, C.M., Rodbergs, R.A., McMinn, S.M. and Heyward, V.H. (1997) Energy expenditure and physiological responses during indoor rock climbing. British Journal of Sports Medicine 31, 224-228.

Morris, L.W., Davies, M.A. and Hutchings, C.H. (1981) Cognitive and emotional components of anxiety: Literature review and revised Worry-Emotionality Scale. Journal of Educational Psychology, 73, 541-555.

Morrison, A.B. and Schöffl, V.R. (2007) Physiological responses to rock climbing in young climbers. British Journal of Sports Medicine 41, 852-861.

Sheel, A.W. (2004) Physiology of sport rock climbing. British Journal of Sports Medicine 38, 355-359.

Sheel, A.W., Seddon, N., Knight, A., McKenzie D.C. and Warburton, E.R. (2003) Physiological responses to indoor rock-climbing and their relationship to maximal cycle ergometry. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 35(7), 1225-1231.

Terry, P.C. and Slade, A. (1995) Discriminant effectiveness of psychological state measures in predicting performance outcome in karate competition. Perceptual Motor Skills 81(1), 275-286.

Watts, P.B. (2004) Physiology of difficult rock climbing. European Journal of Applied Physiology 91, 361-372.

Watts, P.B., Daggett, M., Gallagher, P. and Wilkins, B. (2000) Metabolic response during sport rock climbing and the effects of active versus passive recovery. International Journal of Sports Medicine 21, 185-190.

Watts P.B. and Drobish K.P. (1998) Physiological responses to simulated rock climbing at different angles. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 330, 1118-1122.