Table 4.  Analysis of cardiovascular function. Data are means (ąSD).

Group Age

Variable

Normal

Overweight

Obese

Overall
F

Overall
p

20s

SBP
(mmHg)

115.3 (12.4)

123.9 (11.7) ###

127.0 (14.5) ###

20.926

<.001***

30s

117.9 (12.7)

122.6 (16.3)

127.0 (14.7) ###

13.708

<.001***

40s

120.5 (15.6)

124.8 (15.4)

129.8 (15.6) ###

13.598

<.001***

50s

120.8 (17.2)

128.4 (18.5) ##

132.7 (17.6) ###

15.300

<.001***

60s

124.6 (18.4)

132.5 (19.0) ##

138.5 (16.8) ###

18.499

<.001***

Over 70

123.6 (16.0)

136.7 (19.1) ##

136.8 (19.5) #

6.679

.002**

Total

120.1 (15.7)

127.4 (17.3) ###

131.3 (16.6) ###

80.450

<.001***

20s

DBP
(mmHg)

68.4 (8.0)

73.3 (8.9) ##

75.8 (9.9) ###

16.595

<.001***

30s

74.3 (8.1)

77.5 (10.0) #

79.5 (8.9) ###

12.043

<.001***

40s

77.0 (9.8)

79.3 (10.3)

82.8 (9.8) ###

13.315

<.001***

50s

76.7 (11.3)

81.0 (11.5) #

84.3 (10.8) ###

16.312

<.001***

60s

78.3 (11.5)

81.7 (11.3) #

84.1 (10.3) ###

8.827

<.001***

Over 70

73.5 (9.5)

83.8 (12.1) ###

83.8 (8.3) ##

12.459

<.001***

Total

74.8 (10.3)

79.3 (11.0) ###

82.2 (10.3) ###

87.761

<.001***

20s

RHR
(beats/min)

73 (12)

73 (11)

78 (13) #

3.868

.022*

30s

72 (10)

71 (12)

73 (10)

1.177

.309

40s

72 (10)

70 (10)

71 (11)

1.084

.339

50s

73 (11)

74 (10)

72 (10)

1.415

.244

60s

73 (11)

70 (9)

71 (11)

2.326

.099

Over 70

69 (11)

74 (12)

75 (14)

2.767

.068

Total

73 (11)

72 (11)

72 (11)

.703

.495

20s

Double product
(HR X SBP)

8427 (1707)

9065 (1898)

9978 (2449) ###

12.831

<.001***

30s

8540 (1730)

8737 (2067)

9331 (1895) ##

6.890

.001**

40s

8763 (2009)

8825 (1888)

9215 (1960)

2.558

.079

50s

8896 (2047)

9510 (2043)

9565 (1963) #

4.073

.018*

60s

9169 (2163)

9322 (1932)

9934 (2194) #

4.623

.010*

Over 70

8580 (2121)

10165 (2196)

10274 (2373)

6.625

.002**

Total

8743 (1963)

9172 (2004) ##

9532 (2051) ###

27.019

<.001***

20s

Vital capacity
(L)

4.12 (.85)

4.50 (.98) #

4.31 (1.09)

3.521

.031*

30s

4.08 (.63)

4.01 (.71)

3.88 (.73)

2.932

.055

40s

3.85 (.72)

3.54 (.89) ##

3.67 (.80)

4.363

.013*

50s

3.56 (.74)

3.46 (.86)

3.25 (.82) ##

5.707

.004**

60s

3.21 (.80)

3.02 (.83)

3.00 (.73)

2.418

.091

Over 70

2.67 (.68)

3.21 (.88) #

2.68 (.72)

4.534

.014**

Total

3.69 (.87)

3.59 (.97)

3.53 (.90) ##

5.121

.006**

* p < 0.05 ** p < 0.01 *** p < 0.001 by one-way ANOVA
# p < 0.05 ## p < 0.01 ### p < 0.001: Compared to normal group (tukey post-hoc)
SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; RHR, resting heart rate.