Supplementary Tables

 

Supplementary Table 1: Assessing the risk of bias for randomized controlled trials using an adapted, validated version of the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool (0 – low risk, 1 – unclear risk, 2 – high risk) and final the risk of bias (А, В, С) according to the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool.

Article Random sequence generation Allocation concealment Blinding of participants and personnel Blinding of outcome assessment Incomplete outcome data Selective reporting Final the risk of bias assessment based on 6 questions Other bias Final the risk of bias assessment based on 7 questions
Goni et al., 2018 0 1 2 0 0 0 C 0 A
de Luis et al, 2018b 0 0 1 0 0 0 B 0 A
Zhang et al., 2012 0 0 0 0 0 0 A 0 A
Heianza et al., 2018 0 0 0 0 1 0 B 0 A
de Luis et al., 2020 1 1 1 0 0 0 B 0 A
de Luis et al, 2020 1 1 1 0 0 0 B 0 A
Sun et al., 2018 0 0 0 0 1 0 B 0 A
Lin et al., 2015 0 0 0 0 0 0 A 0 A
Chmurzynska et al, 2019 0 0 0 0 0 0 A 0 A
Grau K et al., 2010 0 1 2 0 0 0 C 0 A
Cameron et al., 2013 1 1 1 1 0 0 B 1 B
Franks et al., 2007 1 1 0 0 0 0 B 0 A
Ramos-Lopez et al., 2019 0 1 2 1 2 0 C 0 A
Heianza et al., 2016 0 0 0 0 0 0 A 0 A

 

Supplementary Table 2: Quality assessment of cohort studies by using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale.

Article 1. Representative of exposed cohort 2. Selection of non-exposed cohort 3. Valid ascertainment of exposure 4. Outcome of interest not present at start of study 5. Control for important factors (age, sex, BMI) 6. Control for additional factors (diet, physical activity) 7. Assessment of outcome 8. Adequate duration of follow-up (≥8 weeks) 9. Adequacy of follow-up (no more than 20%) Score
Hamada et al., 2010 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9
Izaola Jáuregui et al., 2020 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9
Rajkumar et al., 2016 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9
Tchernof et al., 2000 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9
de Luis et al, 2018c 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9
de Luis et al., 2015b 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 8
de Luis et al, 2015a 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 8
Abete et al, 2009 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 7
Di Renzo et al, 2013 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 8
de Luis et al, 2018a 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 8
Thamer et al., 2008 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 8
Cha et al., 2007 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 6
Yoon et al., 2007 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 6
De Luis et al., 2013 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 8
Cha et al., 2006 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 6
Bojarczuk et al., 2022 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 8
Phares et al., 2004 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 8
Leońska-Duniec et al., 2018 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9
de Luis et al., 2007 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 8
Suchanek et al., 2011 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 8
Tworoger et al., 2004 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 8
de Luis et al., 2006 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 8
Rankinen et al., 2010 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 8
Ficek et al., 2019 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 8
Orkunoglu-Suer et al., 2008 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 8
Suchánek et al., 2015 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 8
Andrade-Mayorga et al., 2021 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 8
Zarebska et al., 2014 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 8
Østergård et al., 2005 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9
Mazur et al., 2020 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 8
Haupt et al., 2010 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 8
Lim et al., 2014 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 8
de Luis et al., 2008 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 8
de Luis et al., 2023 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9

 

Supplementary Table 3: Scale for Quality Assessment of genetic association studies.

Criteria Low quality Intermediate quality High quality
Gene-diet or gene-physical exercise interaction as primary study goal No = -1 Not known = 0 Yes = 1
Formal test for interaction No = -1 Not known or stratified analysis = 0 Yes = 1
Correction for multiple testing No = -1 Not known = 0 Yes or not necessary = 1
Correction for population stratification/ethnicity No = -1 Not known = 0 Yes or not applicable = 1
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium No or not stated = -1 Not known = 0 Yes = 1
Group similarity at baseline tested Not known = 0 Yes = 1
Power analysis and sample size ≤65= -1 65-322=0 >322 or power analysis is provided (>80%) = 1
Sufficient details of study procedure stated No = -1 - Yes = 1
*the cut offs used to define low, intermediate and high sufficiency of sample size were based on the 15th (n=65) and 75th percentile (n=322) of the sample size of the studies included.

 

Supplementary Table 4: Risk of bias assessment outcomes for all studies reviewed according to Scale for Quality Assessment of genetic association studies.

Article Gene-diet or gene-physical exercise interaction as primary study goal Formal test for interaction Correction for multiple testing Correction for population stratification/ ethnicity Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium Group similarity at baseline tested Power analysis and sample size Sufficient details of study procedure stated Score
Goni et al., 2018 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 7
de Luis et al, 2018b 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8
Zhang et al., 2012 1 1 -1 1 1 1 1 1 6
Heianza et al., 2018 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 7
de Luis et al., 2020 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 6
de Luis et al, 2020 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 7
Sun et al., 2018 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 6
Lin et al., 2015 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8
Chmurzynska et al, 2019 1 1 -1 1 0 1 0 1 4
Grau K et al., 2010 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8
Cameron et al., 2013 1 1 -1 0 1 1 0 1 4
Franks et al., 2007 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8
Ramos-Lopez et al., 2019 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8
Heianza et al., 2016 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 7
Hamada et al., 2010 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 5
Izaola Jáuregui et al., 2020 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 6
Rajkumar et al., 2016 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 6
Tchernof et al., 2000 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 5
de Luis et al, 2018c 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 7
de Luis et al., 2015b 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 7
de Luis et al, 2015a 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 6
Abete et al, 2009 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 7
Di Renzo et al, 2013 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 4
de Luis et al, 2018a 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 7
Thamer et al., 2008 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 5
Cha et al., 2007 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 7
Yoon et al., 2007 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 7
De Luis et al., 2013 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 5
Cha et al., 2006 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 5
Bojarczuk et al., 2022 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 6
Phares et al., 2004 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 6
Leońska-Duniec et al., 2018 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 5
de Luis et al., 2007 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 6
Suchanek et al., 2011 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 5
Tworoger et al., 2004 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 7
de Luis et al., 2006 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 5
Rankinen et al., 2010 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 7
Ficek et al., 2019 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 5
Orkunoglu-Suer et al., 2008 1 1 -1 1 1 1 1 1 6
Suchánek et al., 2015 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 5
Andrade-Mayorga et al., 2021 1 1 0 0 1 1 -1 1 4
Zarebska et al., 2014 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 5
Østergård et al., 2005 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 5
Mazur et al., 2020 1 1 1 0 0 0 -1 1 3
Haupt et al., 2010 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 6
Lim et al., 2014 1 1 1 0 1 0 -1 1 4
de Luis et al., 2008 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 6
de Luis et al., 2023 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8