Figure 2. Observed mean horizontal and vertical forces (±standard deviation in shaded area) for the short step and long step relay start techniques. 1 = upper limbs horizontal 1, 2 = rear foot take-off, 3 = upper limbs vertical 1, 4 = rear foot support, 5 = upper limbs horizontal 2, 6 = upper limbs vertical 2, 7 = take-off.