Figure 3. Ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM) before (PRE) and after (POST) the cupping (CUP) and control (CON) conditions. Individual data points and group means ± SD are shown. * p < 0.05 vs. PRE within CUP condition (Bonferroni-corrected post-hoc paired t-test; dz = 1.39, large). † p < 0.05 for POST CUP vs. POST CON (post-hoc paired t-test; dz = 0.95, large).