Figure 2. Mean (and standard deviation) V̇O₂, HR, RER and lactate during the high-intensity interval training (HIIT) session before the experimental period (PRE), after 2 weeks (MID) and at 4 weeks (POST). The differences over time between the very low-carbohydrate high-fat diet (VLCHF) and habitual mixed Western diet (HD) groups expressed as magnitude-based inferences and their likelihood are shown (*possible, **likely, ***very likely, ****most likely. No asterisk means that 90% CL overlapped the thresholds for substantiveness - unclear difference) (see also Methods).