Figure 4. Shoulder torques during a spike for a) internal rotation, b) abduction, and c) horizontal adduction. Positive values are (a) internal rotation torque, (b) abduction torque, and (c) horizontal adduction torque respectively. The solid line is the mean for the 10 participants, and the vertical bars are plus or minus one standard deviation. Ball contact occurs at t = 0, and the vertical dotted lines indicate the ball contact window.