Table 1. Means and standard deviations (in brackets) in seven dependent measures and TMD pre- and post-exercise performed at self-selected exercise intensity in the field experiment.
| Dependent measure |
Pre-Exercise |
Post- Exercise |
Effect size (d) |
Significance |
| Anger |
8.62 (3.97) |
7.08 (2.11) |
.39 |
p = .001 |
| Confusion |
6.59 (2.62) |
5.25 (2.06) |
.51 |
p = .001 |
| Depression |
9.96 (4.38) |
8.19 (2.20) |
.40 |
p = .001 |
| Fatigue |
9.81 (4.31) |
11.43 (4.97) |
.38 |
p = .01 |
| Self-esteem |
20.30 (3.23) |
21.82 (3.20) |
.47 |
p = .001 |
| Tension |
10.86 (3.94) |
8.18 (2.45) |
.68 |
p = .001 |
| Vigor |
11.86 (3.34) |
13.94 (4.05) |
.62 |
p = .001 |
| TMD |
13.69 (18.91) |
4.35 (13.03) |
.49 |
p = .001 |
