Table 1 Muscle morphology of the right vastus lateralis, body composition and selected performance variables, in well-trained hammer throwers and physical education students. Data are means (±SD).
| Variable |
Hammer throwers |
Controls |
| Type I muscle fibres (%) |
39.9 (5.0) ** |
51.4 (7.0) |
| Type IIa muscle fibres (%) |
51.1 (9.0) ** |
34.4 (6.0) |
| Type IIx muscle fibres (%) |
9.0 (7.0) |
14.3 (7.0) |
| CSA of Type I fibres (μm2) |
5793 (670) |
4979 (1266) |
| CSA of Type IIa fibres (μm2) |
7703 (1171) ** |
5676 (1270) |
| CSA of Type IIx fibres (μm2) |
6554 (2040) |
4893 (1260) |
| Type I fibre CSA (%) |
33.9 (4.0) ** |
49.0 (8.0) |
| Type IIa fibre CSA (%) |
57.3 (9.0) ** |
37.9 (8.0) |
| Type IIx fibre CSA (%) |
8.8 (7.0) |
13.1 (5.0) |
| Lean body mass total (kg) |
85.9 (3.9) ** |
62.7 (5.1) |
| Lean body mass arms (kg) |
10.5 (1.5) ** |
7.8 (.7) |
| Lean body mass legs (kg) |
30.4 (1.9) ** |
21.9 (2.3) |
| Body weight (kg) |
116.4 (6.2) ** |
78.7 (1.0) |
| Body fat (%) |
22.4 (2.9) * |
16.4 ± 5.9 |
| Bone mineral density (g/cm2) |
1.484 (.046) ** |
1.264 (.08) |
| Backwards shot throw (m) |
18.88 (1.80) ** |
9.45 (.4) |
| Standing broad jump (m) |
3.09 (12.00) ** |
2.29 (21.00) |
| 1RM Squat (kg) |
245 (21) ** |
81 (12) |
* and** denote p < 0.05 an < 0.01 respectively. CSA: cross sectional area.
