Table 1. Categorized amino acid concentrations in the two portions of GC muscle following taurine supplementation for 2 weeks. Values are means (±SD).
| Amino acids |
GC-W muscle |
GC-R muscle |
Category |
| 2wCon |
2wTau |
RC (±%) |
2wCon |
2wTau |
RC (±%) |
G/K Precursor |
Essential |
Polar & Side-Chain |
| Tau |
14.81 (1.59) |
21.77 (.77) ‡ |
(+47%) |
26.35 (1.61) |
30.34±3.27) † |
(+15%) |
|
|
|
| Thr |
.49 (.04) |
.42 (.03) ‡ |
(-16%) |
.51 (.06) |
.43 (.06) † |
(-16%) |
Pyr |
Ess |
Hydroxy |
| Ser |
.66 (.07) |
.56 (.04) ‡ |
(-16%) |
.80 (.11) |
.68 (.12) |
(-15%) |
Pyr |
Non |
Hydroxy |
| Gly |
4.20 (.04) |
3.94 (.47) |
(-6%) |
2.19 (.17) |
1.84 (.16) ‡ |
(-16%) |
Pyr |
Non |
Alkyl |
| Ala |
3.24 (.32) |
3.00 (.34) |
(-7%) |
4.03 (.50) |
3.76 (.38) |
(-7%) |
Pyr |
Non |
Alkyl |
| Val |
.26 (.05) |
.27 (.06) |
(+2%) |
.26 (.06) |
.26 (.04) |
(-2%) |
Suc-C |
Ess |
Alkyl |
| Met |
.06 (.01) |
.08 (.01) ‡ |
(+31%) |
.06 (.01) |
.07 (.08) |
(+14%) |
Suc-C |
Ess |
Sulfur |
| Ile |
.16 (.04) |
.16 (.04) |
(+3%) |
.16 (.04) |
.15 (.03) |
(-6%) |
Suc-C |
Ess |
Alkyl |
| Asp |
.39(.07) |
.41 (.06) |
(+5%) |
.59 (.08) |
.54 (.11) |
(-10%) |
Oxa |
Non |
Acidic |
| Glu |
.70 (.08) |
.63 (.12) |
(-10%) |
1.43 (.30) |
1.15 (.31) |
(-20%) |
a-keto |
Non |
Acidic |
| His |
.18±0.01) |
.20 (.01) † |
(+6%) |
.24 (.01) |
.24 (.01) |
(+1%) |
a-keto |
Ess |
Alkaline |
| Arg |
.17 (.02) |
.20 (.04) |
(+19%) |
.20 (.04) |
.22 (.04) |
(+13%) |
a-keto |
Non |
Alkaline |
| Pro |
.32 (.04) |
.31 (.01) |
(-5%) |
.32 (.02) |
.31 (.05) |
(-1%) |
a-keto |
Non |
Imide |
| Tyr |
.16 (.02) |
.18 (.01) |
(+9%) |
.16 (.01) |
.15 (.05) |
(+6%) |
Fum |
Non |
Aromatic |
| Phe |
.09 (.02) |
.10 (.02) |
(+14%) |
.09 (.01) |
.10 (.01) |
(+2%) |
Fum |
Ess |
Aromatic |
| Lys |
.40 (.05) |
.58 (.01) ‡ |
(+45%) |
.50 (.11) |
.62 (.13) |
(+23%) |
Ace-C |
Ess |
Alkaline |
| Leu |
.20 (.05) |
.21 (.02) |
(+7%) |
.21 (.05) |
.20 (.04) |
(-2%) |
Ace-C |
Ess |
Alkyl |
Amino acids concentrations are shorted by category of G/K precursor (mean ± SD). RC shows the rate of change in the 2wTau group compared to that in the 2wCon group. Category of the G/K precursor is the glucogenitic or ketogenitic precursors. These amino acids are also categorized by the essential amino acids, the polar characteristics (acidic, alkaline), and the side-chain radical (hydroxy-, alkyl-, sulfur-, imide-, and aromatic- radicals).† p < 0.05,‡ p < 0.01 for the Control vs. Taurine groups by student’s -test.Abbreviations: 2wCon; two-week non-supplemented group, 2wTau; two-week taurine-supplemented, GC-W; white portion of gastrocnemius muscle, GC-R; red portion of gastrocnemius muscle, Pyr: pyruvate, Suc-C: succinyl-CoA, Oxa; oxaloacetate; a-keto: a-ketoglutarate; Fum; fumarate, Ace-C: acetyl-CoA, Ess; essential amino acids, Non; non-essential amino acids
