Table 1. Comparison of kinematic variables in different types of Taekwondo kicks. Data are means (±SD).
Roundhouse
kick
(RH)
Back
kick
(BA)
Thrashing
kick
(TH)
Turning
back kick
(TB)
Mauchly’s
sphericity
test
F p Multiple
comparison
Kicking time (s) .26(.01) .27(.06) .40(.06) .36(.04) .100 45.1 .001 TH=TB>RH=BA
Peak kicking
velocity (m·s-1)
14.7(1.3) 11.5(1.0) 9.9(1.3) 11.4(1.2) .941 56.1 .001 RH>BA=TB>TH
Impact kicking
velocity (m·s-1)
10.6(1.6) 6.2(1.6) 5.7(1.7) 9.7(1.7) .199 31.3 .001 RH=TB>BA=TH
Hip flexion/extension ROM (°) 56.6(9.6) 52.7(13.6) 76.8(13.2) 56.1(10.2) .230 13.2 .001 TH>RH=BA=TB
Hip abduction/
adduction ROM (°)
26.3(9.1) 33.3(10.4) 54.2(7.2) 58.6(5.4) .613 54.5 .001 TH=TB>RH=BA
Hip internal/external rotation ROM (°) 37.1(7.9) 17.5(4.3) 39.3(11.0) 25.0(8.3) .094 18.4 .001 TH>TB>BA,& RH>BA
Knee flexion/
extension ROM (°)
95.5(11.3) 97.0(7.5) 96.5(18.1) 81.2(12.1) .053 4.8 .007 BA=TH>TB