Table 1 A comparison (means ± SD) of the time to takeoff, time to hands above the net, jump height, and hand penetration between the traditional (T), swing (S), and chicken wing (CW) arm movements and post hoc comparisons.
T S CW T vs S* T vs CW* S vs CW*
Time to takeoff (s) 1.37 (.12) 1.34 (.13) 1.31 (.13) .167 .054 .497
Time to hands above net (s) 1.39 (.11) 1.33 (.11) 1.32 (.10) .013* .022* .894
Jump height (cm) 152.2 (5.55) 157.3 (6.33) 155.2 (5.87) <.001* <.001* <.001*
Hand penetration (cm) 29.4 (5.89) 34.5 (6.83) 31.6 (6.83) .001* .025* .045*
* p values. Data are means (±SD).