Table 1 Mean minima (min) and maxima (max) and range of motion (ROM) for all three joints and for all three measured planes. Data are means (±SD).
|
Sagittal plane |
| hip |
knee |
ankle |
| stride |
NT |
RT |
NT |
RT |
NT |
RT |
| min |
-5.6 (6.2)* |
-18.3 (4.5)* |
6.31 (4.5)* |
11.7 (3.6)* |
-21.3 (6.5) |
-22.7 (6.2) |
| max |
42.5 (5.6)* |
34.7 (4.9)* |
91.8 (9.2)* |
96.8 (9.2)* |
29.6 (4.6) |
29.5 (5.1) |
| ROM |
48.1 (3.9) |
53.0 (3.7) |
85.5 (9.3) |
85.0 (9.2) |
50.9 (6.4)* |
52.1 (6.2)* |
| stance |
NT |
RT |
NT |
RT |
NT |
RT |
| min |
-3.1 (7.5)* |
-15.4 (5.8)* |
7.7 (4.6)* |
12.7 (4.0)* |
-13.9 (10.1) |
-15.7 (8.6) |
| max |
39.4 (6.0)* |
28.6 (5.2)* |
42.9 (5.9)* |
44.2 (4.5)* |
29.6 (4.6) |
29.5 (5.1) |
| ROM |
42.5 (5.1) |
44.9 (5.0) |
35.2 (4.0) |
31.5 (3.5) |
43.5 (9.0) |
45.2 (7.4) |
| swing |
NT |
RT |
NT |
RT |
NT |
RT |
| min |
-5.6 (6.2)* |
-18.3 (4.5)* |
6.6 (4.6)* |
12.1 (3.4)* |
-21.3 (6.5) |
-22.7 (6.2) |
| max |
42.2 (5.6)* |
34.6 (5.0)* |
91.9 (9.1)* |
96.8 (9.2)* |
16.2 (4.3) |
13.4 (3.8) |
| ROM |
47.8 (3.7) |
52.9 (3.8) |
85.4 (9.3) |
84.7 (9.3) |
37.6 (7.4) |
36.6 (5.2) |
|
Frontal plane |
| hip |
knee |
ankle |
| stride |
NT |
RT |
NT |
RT |
NT |
RT |
| min |
-6.2 (2.5) |
-6.8 (3.3) |
-1.3 (6.4) |
-1.0 (3.8) |
-6.1 (6.7) |
-4.7 (5.2) |
| max |
8.1 (2.9) |
8.6 (2.7) |
33.8 (15.2) |
29.6 (14.5) |
6.6 (3.7) |
6.7 (4.2) |
| ROM |
14.3 (2.5) |
15.0 (3.6) |
35.1 (12.9) |
30.7 (12.6) |
13.4 (5.9) |
12.1 (6.0) |
| stance |
NT |
RT |
NT |
RT |
NT |
RT |
| min |
-2.10 (3.3) |
-2.3 (4.2) |
-0.9 (6.5) |
-0.5 (4.0) |
-5.5 (6.3) |
-3.9 (5.1) |
| max |
8.1 (2.9) |
8.4 (2.8) |
12.0 (8.8) |
11.3 (7.0) |
6.3 ( 3.5) |
6.5 (4.1) |
| ROM |
10.2 (3.3) |
10.7 (4.1) |
12.8 (6.3) |
11.8 ( 4.4) |
12.4 (5.5) |
11.0 (4.8) |
| swing |
NT |
RT |
NT |
RT |
NT |
RT |
| min |
-6.2 (2.6) |
-6.8 (3.3) |
0.0 (4.6) |
-0.0 (3.2) |
-5.5 (6.3) |
-4.6 (4.8) |
| max |
4.8 (2.6) |
5.0 (2.7) |
33.8 (15.2) |
29.7 (14.5) |
4.5 (3.6) |
4.1 (3.8) |
| ROM |
11.0 (2.3) |
11.8 (2.3) |
33.8 (13.4) |
29.7 (12.9) |
10.5 (5.6) |
9.3 (3.4) |
|
Transverse plane |
| hip |
knee |
ankle |
| stride |
NT |
RT |
NT |
RT |
NT |
RT |
| min |
-6.8 (15.6) |
-6.8 (10.7) |
-31.3 (13.5) |
-24.8 (12.2) |
-21.78 (10.3) |
-21.0 (11.0) |
| max |
31.9 (16.2) |
28.0 (14.9) |
10.5 (9.8) |
11.0 (9.6) |
20.87 (12.3) |
17.9 (9.7) |
| ROM |
38.7 (10.2) |
34.9 (7.1) |
43.0 (7.4)* |
36.5 (5.0)* |
42.65 (11.2) |
38.9 (9.5) |
| stance |
NT |
RT |
NT |
RT |
NT |
RT |
| min |
-4.1 (16.6) |
-4.3 (11.0) |
-24.9 (12.4) |
-20.0 (10.5) |
-20.9 (9.9) |
-20.4 (11.1) |
| max |
12.7 (18.4) |
12.0 (12.6) |
9.3 (10.3) |
9.5 (10.4) |
18.9 (12.6) |
15.4 (10.5) |
| ROM |
16.8 (5.6) |
16.3 (4.78) |
35.0 ( 8.3) |
30.0 ( 6.4) |
39.8 (10.8) |
35.8 (9.3) |
| swing |
NT |
RT |
NT |
RT |
NT |
RT |
| min |
-4.9 (16.6) |
-6.1 (11.0) |
-31.3 (13.2) |
-25.0 (12.2) |
-15.3 (11.3) |
-13.8 (10.0) |
| max |
32.5 (16.4) |
28.2 (14.9) |
2.2 (10.0) |
5.6 (9.7) |
18.9 (12.9) |
17.4 (9.4) |
| ROM |
37.4 (10.0) |
34.33 (7.0) |
34.6 (10.4) |
31.3 (7.3) |
34.2 (13.1) |
31.1 (6.7) |
The asterisk (*) indicates significant differences between NT and RT.
