Table 1 Summary of the mean variability changes [%] with respect to the standard deviation (left) and coefficient of variation (right). RF stands for rectus femoris, TA for tibialis anterior and LG for lateral gastrocnemius.
Standard deviation Coefficient of variation
Comparison Muscle Changes in variability [%] p ηp2 Changes in variability [%] p ηp2
Difference running
without tubes vs.
tube running
RF 72.6 F1,8=23.8 < .01 .75 18.4 F1,8=16.1 < .01 .67
TA 74.2 F1,8=2.5 = .06 .24 15.2 F1,8=11.5 < .01 .59
LG 36.5 F1,9=22.7 < .01 .72 8.1 F1,9=3.1 = .10 .26
Running without
tubes by
tube running interaction
RF F6,48=2.3 < .05 .22 F6,54=0.9 > .50 .09
TA F6,48=4.0 < .01 .33 F6,48=2.8 < .05 .26
LG F6,54=6.1 < .001 .40 F6,54=5.7 < .001 .37
Separate analyses
for tube running
RF F6,48=3.6 < .01 .31 F1,8=1.7 > .10 .20
TA F6,48=4.4 < .01 .36 F1,8=4.4 < .01 .35
LG F6,54=11.3 < .001 .56 F1,9=10.6 < .001 .54
De-adaptation RF -31.9 F6,48=11.7 < .01 .60 -8.8 F1,8=1.0 > .30 .11
TA -2.9 F6,48= 0.9 < .30 .10 15.3 F1,8= 1.0 > .30 .11
LG -12.3 F6,54= 0.4 < .40 .08 0.2 F1,9= 1.0 > .30 .10