Table 1. Comparison of CSA within groups and between groups. Values are means (±SD)
Experimental (n=12) Control (n=12)
L2 (mm2) pre 351.62 (45.75) 355.37 (57.19)
post 365.56 (44.39) * 362.04 (55.61) *
change (95% CI) 13.94 (14.86) (4.50-23.38) 6.67 (7.10) (2.16-11.17)
L3 (mm2) pre 578.67 (67.58) 586.03 (88.59)
post 610.25 (59.52) * 601.60 (86.26) *
change (95% CI) 31.58 (48.49) (0.77-62.39) 15.57 (14.44) (6.39-24.74)
L4 (mm2) pre 913.92 (61.52) 919.75 (81.32)
post 1085.57 (73.59) * 995.84 (117.59) *
change (95% CI) 171.66 (46.95) †  (141.82-201.49) 76.09 (91.42) (18.00-134.17)
L5 (mm2) pre 1175.38 (164.74) 1187.14 (220.48)
post 1454.82 (125.49) * 1290.48 (230.95) *
change (95% CI) 279.43 (69.83) †  (235.06-323.80) 103.34 (70.17) (58.76-147.93)
p < 0.05 indicate differences between experimental and control groups p < 0.05 indicate differences between pre- and post-training exercise groups.CSA: Cross sectional area, CI: Confidence intervals.