Table 1. Characteristics of the present participants.
| Indexes |
Men |
Women |
| 65-74 years |
75+ years |
65-74 years |
75+ years |
| n |
402 |
221 |
570 |
359 |
| Age, years |
69 (67-71) |
79 (77-82) |
69 (67-71) |
79 (77-82) |
| MoCA, point |
23.3 (3.1) |
21.4 (3.3) |
23.1 (3.2) |
20.8 (3.5) |
| HS, kg |
36.4 (5.6) |
31.4 (5.5) |
23.3 (3.9) |
20.2 (4.1) |
| LS, kg |
36.6 (9.9) |
29.3 (8.6) |
24.1 (6.9) |
18.8 (6.5) |
| SR, reps/sec |
.65 (.19) |
.55 (.17) |
.63 (.18) |
.52 (.16) |
| GS, m/sec |
1.93 (.44) |
1.68 (.41) |
1.76 (0.37) |
1.44 (.36) |
| OT, sec |
109.3 (35.0-120) |
22.9 (7.2-47.6) |
80.6 (24.6-120) |
16.7 (5.8-43.4) |
| Education, years |
12 (10-14) |
11 (9-13) |
12 (9-12) |
10 (9-11) |
| Economy*, % |
32.1 |
47.5 |
38.2 |
48.2 |
| PAEE, kcal/day |
557.5 (162.8) |
453.6 (144.7) |
536.3 (134.5) |
405.6 (115.8) |
| BMI, kg/m2 |
23.5 (2.7) |
23.0 (2.8) |
23.3 (3.4) |
22.9 (3.3) |
| IADL† , % |
16.9 |
14.0 |
1.4 |
6.7 |
| K6‡, % |
24.9 |
27.1 |
30.4 |
32.6 |
| Hypertension, % |
38.1 |
37.1 |
33.0 |
46.5 |
| Heart disease, % |
12.9 |
25.8 |
5.8 |
18.7 |
| Diabetes, % |
19.7 |
17.6 |
9.6 |
9.7 |
| Stroke history, % |
4.5 |
5.0 |
1.6 |
3.1 |
Note: continuous variables are represented as mean (SD) or median (25th-75th percentiles).* Percentage of participants answering “comfortable” and “relatively comfortable” in economic status;† percentage of participants regarded as dependent in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL score of <5);‡ percentage of participants classified as having depressive status (K6 score of ≥5). MoCA: Montreal Cognitive Assessment; HS: handgrip strength; LS: leg strength; SR: sit-to-stand rate; GS: gait speed; OT: one-leg stand time; PAEE: physical activity energy expenditure; BMI: body mass index; IADL: instrumental activities of daily living; K6: Kessler 6 psychological distress scale.
