Table 1. Descriptives and differences between low-, average- and high-YYIR1 performance groups and effect by 2- and 4-year follow-up subsamples.
|
|
Grand mean (n=21) |
low (n=7) |
average (n=7) |
high (n=7) |
MANOVA |
Cohen’s d |
| 2-year follow-up |
Test |
Mean (SD) |
95% CI |
Mean (SD) |
95% CI |
Mean (SD) |
95% CI |
Mean (SD) |
95% CI |
F-value |
P-Value |
Low-Average |
Average-High |
Low-High |
| Age (y) |
1 |
13.2 (.3) |
± .1 |
13.2 (.2) |
± .1 |
13.1 (.4) |
± .2 |
13.2 (.2) |
± .1 |
.376 |
.692 |
.00 |
.00 |
.11 |
| 2 |
14.2 (.3) |
± .1 |
14.2 (.2) |
± .1 |
14.1 (.4) |
± .2 |
14.2 (.2) |
± .1 |
.392 |
.682 |
.24 |
.24 |
.12 |
| 3 |
15.2 (.3) |
± .1 |
15.2 (.2) |
± .1 |
15.2 (.3) |
± .1 |
15.2 (.2) |
± .1 |
.345 |
.713 |
.24 |
.24 |
.24 |
| Maturity OffSet (y) |
1 |
-.85 (.51) |
± .12 |
-.76 (.46) |
± .18 |
-.60 (.49) |
± .20 |
-1.20 (.43) |
± .17 |
3.287 |
.061 |
.16 |
.09 |
.11 |
| 2 |
.14 (.72) |
± .16 |
.27 (.58) |
± .23 |
.44 (.76) |
± .30 |
-.29 (.69) |
± .28 |
2.181 |
.142 |
.08 |
.06 |
.08 |
| 3 |
1.17 (.70) |
± .16 |
1.36 (.49) |
± .20 |
1.45 (.85) |
± .34 |
.70 (.52) |
± .21 |
2.849 |
.084 |
.07 |
.03 |
.03 |
| Stature (cm) |
1 |
157.8 (6.5) |
± 1.5 |
158.4 (3.6) |
± 1.4 |
162.2 (6.5) |
± 2.6 |
152.8 (5.6) |
± 2.2 |
5.432 |
.014Σ |
.78 |
1.67 |
1.28 |
| 2 |
164.8 (7.5) |
± 1.7 |
165.7 (3.8) |
± 1.5 |
169.8 (7.8) |
± 3.1 |
159.0 (6.4) |
± 2.6 |
5.294 |
.016Σ |
.72 |
1.64 |
1.38 |
| 3 |
171.1 (6.5) |
± 1.5 |
172.8 (2.9) |
± 1.2 |
174.6 (7.3) |
± 2.9 |
165.7 (5.2) |
± 2.1 |
5.272 |
.016Σ |
.35 |
1.52 |
1.82 |
| Body mass (kg) |
1 |
46.0 (6.8) |
± 1.6 |
48.2 (6.6) |
± 2.6 |
49.3 (5.5) |
± 2.2 |
40.5 (5.0) |
± 2.0 |
4.863 |
.020Σ |
.20 |
1.81 |
1.42 |
| 2 |
52.7 (8.7) |
± 2.0 |
54.6 (7.6) |
± 3.0 |
57.0 (8.0) |
± 3.2 |
46.2 (7.6) |
± 3.0 |
3.592 |
.049Σ |
.33 |
1.50 |
1.19 |
| 3 |
59.3 (8.8) |
± 2.0 |
62.5 (7.7) |
± 3.1 |
63.5 (7.9) |
± 3.2 |
52.0 (6.3) |
± 2.5 |
5.312 |
.015Σ |
.14 |
1.74 |
1.61 |
| YYIR1 (m) |
1 |
1319(366) |
± 83 |
886(114) |
± 46 |
1357(100) |
± 40 |
1714(145) |
± 58 |
82.471 |
<.001# |
4.74 |
3.10 |
6.86 |
| 2 |
1705(371) |
± 85 |
1366(360) |
± 144 |
1823(231) |
± 92 |
1926(265) |
± 106 |
7.386 |
.005# |
1.63 |
.45 |
1.91 |
| 3 |
1823(427) |
±97 |
1411(252) |
± 101 |
1920(414) |
± 166 |
2137(220) |
± 88 |
10.296 |
.001# |
1.60 |
.71 |
3.32 |
|
|
Grand mean (n=21) |
low (=7) |
average (n=7) |
high (n=7) |
MANOVA |
Cohen’s d |
| 4-year follow-up |
Test |
Mean (SD) |
95% CI |
Mean (SD) |
95% CI |
Mean (SD) |
95% CI |
Mean (SD) |
95% CI |
F-value |
P-value |
Low-Average |
Average-High |
Low-High |
| Age (y) |
1 |
12.2 (.3) |
± .1 |
12.3 (.3) |
± .2 |
12.2 (.4) |
± .3 |
12.2 (.2) |
± .2 |
.267 |
.769 |
.31 |
.00 |
.42 |
| 2 |
14.2 (.3) |
± .1 |
14.3 (.3) |
± .2 |
14.2 (.4) |
± .3 |
14.2 (.2) |
± .2 |
.244 |
.786 |
.31 |
.00 |
.42 |
| 3 |
16.2 (.3) |
± .1 |
16.3 (.3) |
± .2 |
16.3 (.4) |
± .3 |
16.1 (.3) |
± .2 |
.462 |
.638 |
.00 |
.61 |
.72 |
| Maturity OffSet (y) |
1 |
-1.72 (.34) |
± .15 |
-1.54 (.33) |
± .24 |
-1.83 (.38) |
± .28 |
-1.80 (.28) |
± .21 |
1.553 |
.239 |
.88 |
.10 |
.92 |
| 2 |
.28 (.61) |
± .26 |
.57 (.50) |
± .37 |
.04 (.83) |
± .61 |
.23 (.36) |
± .27 |
1.388 |
.275 |
.84 |
.32 |
.84 |
| 3 |
2.14 (.47) |
± .20 |
2.28 (.23) |
± .17 |
2.11 (.63) |
± .47 |
2.04 (.52) |
± .39 |
.431 |
.657 |
.39 |
.13 |
.64 |
| Stature (cm) |
1 |
150.7 (3.6) |
± 1.5 |
152.5 (1.8) |
± 1.3 |
149.9 (3.4) |
± 2.5 |
149.7 (4.8) |
± 3.6 |
1.408 |
.270 |
1.03 |
.05 |
.83 |
| 2 |
165.2 (5.2) |
± 2.2 |
167.8 (4.6) |
± 3.4 |
163.3 (5.6) |
± 4.2 |
164.5 (4.9) |
± 3.6 |
1.492 |
.251 |
.95 |
.25 |
.75 |
| 3 |
174.6 (3.9) |
± 1.7 |
175.8 (4.1) |
± 3.0 |
174.3 (2.8) |
± 2.1 |
173.8 (4.8) |
± 3.6 |
.497 |
.647 |
.46 |
.14 |
.48 |
| Body mass (kg) |
1 |
39.5 (4.4) |
± 1.9 |
42.3 (5.0) |
± 3.7 |
37.9 (4.2) |
± 3.7 |
38.4 (2.8) |
± 2.1 |
2.375 |
.121 |
1.03 |
.15 |
1.04 |
| 2 |
52.3 (7.2) |
± 3.1 |
57.5 (8.7) |
± 6.4 |
48.5 (5.7) |
± 6.4 |
50.7 (3.6) |
± 2.7 |
3.781 |
.043≈ž |
1.32 |
1.10 |
.15 |
| 3 |
62.9 (5.1) |
± 2.2 |
66.7 (6.5) |
± 4.8 |
60.7 (3.0) |
± 4.8 |
61.2 (3.1) |
± 2.3 |
3.732 |
.044≈ž |
1.28 |
0.18 |
1.17 |
| YYIR1 (m) |
1 |
1090(367) |
± 157 |
703(224) |
± 166 |
1063(128) |
± 95 |
1503(83) |
± 61 |
45.947 |
<.001# |
2.13 |
4.41 |
5.12 |
| 2 |
1749(406) |
± 174 |
1686(194) |
± 144 |
1384(311) |
± 230 |
2177(202) |
± 150 |
19.281 |
<.001Σ |
1.26 |
3.27 |
2.68 |
| 3 |
2175(338) |
± 145 |
2126(373) |
± 276 |
1966(218) |
± 161 |
2434(248) |
± 184 |
4.801 |
.021Σ |
.57 |
2.17 |
1.05 |
SD=standard deviation; CI=confidence interval;
# significant differences between all performance groups;
≈ž Low is different from Average;
Σ high is different from low and average
