Table 1. Exercise intensity during real water-polo games and plays performed in front of defense court after press (P), static-zone (SZ) and zone-press (ZP). The intensity is expressed by heart rate (HR), the percentage time spent below 85% of HR peak and lactate values. Data are means (±SD).
P SZ ZP 95% CL
(P)		 95% CL (SZ) 95% CL
(ZP)		 ES
(P-SZ)		 ES
(P-ZP)		 ES
(SZ-ZP)
Real Games
HR (beats.min-1) 164 (8) 163 (10) 161 (13) 159, 167 158, 167 154, 167 .11 .29 .19
Percentage time ≤ 85% HR peak (%) 38.0 (18.1) 39.3 (23.8) 45.5 (24.5) 29.0, 47.0 27.5, 51.1 32.3, 57.7 .06 .34 .26
Defense court games
HR (beats.min-1) 153 (10) 140 (11) * 143 (16) * 147, 158 133, 146 134, 152 1.27 .82 .22
Percentage time ≤ 85% HRpeak (%) 46.3 (22.8) 81.8 (20.5) * 75.7 (32.0) * 32.5, 60.1 69.4, 94.1 56.9, 94.5 1.64 1.07 .23
Lactate (mmol.l-1) 6.5 (2.9) 4.7 (2.5) * 4.6 (1.8) * 5.2, 7.7 3.6, 5.8 3.8, 5.4 .65 .80 .05
ES: effect size, 95% CL: 95% confidence limits*p<0.01 from P.