Table 1. Summary of units of analysis.

Reference	Unit	Sample size (control group size) Participants description Mean age (SD)	Training load (Duration, Frequency, Volume, Rest, Intensity, Exercise)		Outcome measure, Experimental group size		Calculated Effect Size [CI at 95%]
Komi et al., 1978	1	n = 12(6) Twin pairs (2w, 4m) 14 (0.9) years old	D: 14 w, F: 4 days/w, V: 10 · 1, R: 30 sec, I: 5 sec at MVC E: ISO knee extension		ISO MVC	n=6	0.36 [0.03 to 0.69]
Lagerquist et al., 2006	2	n = 16(6) Unknown (10w, 6m) 21-42 years old	D: 5 w, F: 3 days/w, V: 5 · 8, R: 60 sec, I: 6 sec at MVC E: ISO ankle dorsal flexion		ISO MVC	n=10	0.72 [0.46 to 0.98]
Lepley & Palmieri-Smith, 2014	3	n = 18(9), Moderatelly active adults (10w, 8m), 22.95 (3.6) years old	D: 8 w, F: 3 days/w V: 8 · 10, R: 120 sec I: PT at -60º·s E: ECC knee extension		CON 30º·s-1	n=9	0.84 [0.61 to 1.06]
	4				CON 60º·s-1		0.81 [0.58 to 1.04]
	5				ECC 30º·s-1		1.35 [1.1 to 1.59]
	6				ECC 60º·s-1		1.28 [1.04 to 1.52]
Munn et al., 2005	7	n = 111(22), Not trained adults (94w, 21m), 20.6 (6.1) years old	D: 8 w F: 3 days/w R: 120 sec E: Elbow flexion	V: 1 · max, I: 8-RM load at ±140º·s-1	CON 1RM	n=22	0.08 [0.01 to 0.17]
	8			V: 1 · max, I: 8-RM load at ±50º·s-1		n=23	0 [-0.09 to 0.09]
	9			V: 3 · max, I: 8-RM load at ±140º·s-1		n=23	0.13 [0.04 to 0.22]
	10			V: 3 · max, I: 8-RM load at ±50º·s-1		n=22	-0.04 [-0.13 to 0.05]
Shaver, 1970	11	n = 40(20) Recreationally active men, 18-20 years old	D: 6 w, F: 3 days/w, V: 3 · 10, R: 120 sec, I: 10-RM load E: Elbow flexion		ISO MVC	n=20	0.42 [0.32 to 0.62]
Shaver, 1975	12	n = 100(20) Unknown (all men) 18-22 years old	D: 6 w, F: 3 days/w, V: 3 · 10, R: 120 sec, I: 10-RM load E: Elbow flexion		ISO MVC	n=20	0.95 [0.84 to 1.05]
	13					n=20	0.96 [0.86 to 1.06]
	14					n=20	1.02 [0.92 to 1.13]
	15					n=20	0.92 [0.82 to 1.02]
Shields et al., 1999	16	n = 24(8), Not trained men, 26.07 (5.68) years old	D: 6 w, F: 5 days/w V: 2 · max, R: 300 sec, E: Isometric handgrip	I: 30% MVC	ISO MVC	n=8	0.05 [-0.2 to 0.29]
	17			I: 0% MVC		n=8	0.6 [0.35 to 0.85]
Farthing et al., 2005	18	n = 39(14), Slightly trained women, 20.8 (0.4)	D: 6 w, F: 4 days/w V: 6 · 8, R: 30 sec I: 2 sec at MVC E: Isometric ulnar deviation		ISO MVC	n=12	2.09 [1.9 to 2.28]
	19					n=13	-0.22 [-0.36 to -0.07]
Fimland et al., 2009	20	n = 26(11), Recreationally active adults (17w, 9m), 24 (1.66) years old	D: 4 w, F: 4 days/w V: 6 · 6, R: 120 sec I: 4 sec at MVC E: Isometric ankle dorsal flexion		ISO MVC	n=15	1.19 [1.02 to 1.35]
Magnus et al., 2014	21	n = 23(10), Trained adults (12w, 11m), 50 (9.0) years old	D: 4 w F: 3 days/w V: 4 · 15 R: 60 sec I: 15-RM	E: Shoulder external rotation	ISO MVC	n=13	0.54 [0.37 to 0.72]
	22			E: Shoulder internal rotation			0.24 [0.06 to 0.41]
	23			E: Shoulder adduction			0.26 [0.08 to 0.43]
	24			E: Handgrip			0.02 [-0.15 to 0.2]

CON: Concentric Strength; ECC: Eccentric strength; ISO MVC: Isometric Maximal Voluntary Contraction