Table 1. Mean (±SD) clinical characteristics of rhythmic gymnasts (RG) and untrained controls (UC), and their changes over the 3-year period (∆ score).
| Variable |
|
RG (n = 25) |
UC (n = 25) |
∆ RG (n = 25) |
∆ UC (n = 25) |
| Age (yrs) |
T0 |
8.0 (0.6) |
8.2 (0.6) |
3.0 (0.1) |
3.0 (0.2) |
|
T3 |
10.9 (0.6) # |
11.2 (0.5) # |
|
|
| Bone age (yrs) |
T0 |
7.8 (1.2) |
7.8 (1.1) |
3.2 (0.8) |
3.4 (0.7) |
|
T3 |
10.9 (0.9) # |
11.2 (0.9) # |
|
|
| Body height (m) |
T0 |
1.30 (0.05) |
1.30 (0.05) |
.17 (0.02) |
.19 (0.02) ‡ |
|
T3 |
1.47 (0.06) # |
1.49 (0.07) # |
|
|
| Body mass (kg) |
T0 |
27.0 (3.4) |
28.9 (5.0) |
10.2 (2.8) |
13.7 (4.5) ‡ |
|
T3 |
37.1 (5.0) # |
42.7 (8.5) *# |
|
|
| BMI (kg·m-2) |
T0 |
15.9 (1.3) |
17.0 (2.2) * |
1.1 (.9) |
2.1 (1.7) ‡ |
|
T3 |
17.0 (1.6) # |
19.1 (3.0)*# |
|
|
| Body fat % |
T0 |
19.8 (5.3) |
26.0 (6.2) * |
1.4 (3.3) |
4.1 (4.8) ‡ |
|
T3 |
21.2 (4.9) # |
30.1 (8.5) *# |
|
|
| Fat mass (kg) |
T0 |
5.1 (1.9) |
7.4 (2.7) * |
2.4 (1.5) |
5.4 (2.9) ‡ |
|
T3 |
7.4 (2.5) # |
12.8 (5.0) *# |
|
|
| Fat free mass (kg) |
T0 |
20.2 (2.0) |
20.1 (2.5) |
7.1 (2.0) |
7.6 (2.3) |
|
T3 |
27.3 (3.3) # |
27.7 (4.3) # |
|
|
| WB BMD (g·cm-2) |
T0 |
.88 (.04) |
.84 (.05) * |
.08 (.03) |
.09 (.02) |
|
T3 |
.96 (.05) # |
.93 (.07) # |
|
|
| FN BMD (g·cm-2) |
T0 |
.78 (.07) |
.72 (009) * |
.14(.06) |
.10(.06) ‡ |
|
T3 |
.92 (.10) # |
.82 (0.12) *# |
|
|
| CMJ (cm) |
T0 |
23.2 (2.4) |
19.2 (2.0) * |
3.1 (2.5) |
4.2 (2.3) |
|
T3 |
26.2 (2.6) # |
23.4 (2.7) *# |
|
|
| RJ15s (cm) |
T0 |
20.2 (1.8) |
16.2 (2.3) * |
2.8 (2.1) |
3.4 (2.4) |
|
T3 |
23.0 (2.7) |
19.6 (2.4) *# |
|
|
‡ Statistically significant differences between ∆ RG and ∆ UC; p < 0.05.* Statistically significant differences between RG and UC; p < 0.05.WB, whole body; BMC, bone mineral content; BMD, bone mineral density; FN, femoral neck; CMJ, countermovement jump; RJ15s, the rebound jumps for 15 seconds.# Statistically significant changes between T3 and T0; p < 0.05.
