Table 1. Basic body composition characteristics and GXT results. Values are expressed as mean (± standard deviation).
|
VLCHF (N = 9) |
HD (N = 8) |
Effect Size ± 90% CI |
| PRE |
POST |
PRE |
POST |
|
| Body mass (kg) |
83.2 (17.7) |
78.5 (15.5) |
83.7 (9.4) |
82.9 (9.6) |
-.3 (.1) ** |
| Body fat (%) |
13.7 (7.7) |
10.5 (7.6) |
16.1 (7.4) |
15.0 (7.6) |
-.5 (.3) ** |
| V̇O2max (ml/kg/min) |
52.3 (4.7) |
55.4 (4.2) |
51.9 (6.4) |
53.4 (6.9) |
.6 (.5) ** |
| V̇O2max (l/min) |
4.3 (.6) |
4.3 (.7) |
4.3 (.5) |
4.4 (.5) |
-.1 (.5) |
| HRmax (bpm) |
192(6) |
189(6) |
195(8) |
195 (5.7) |
-.3 (.7) |
| vmax (km/h) |
15.1 (1.1) |
15.7 (1.1) |
14.5 (1.4) |
15.2 (1.4) |
-.1 (.3) |
| VT2 (% V̇O2max) |
82.3 (3.6) |
85.9 (3.7) |
82.4 (3.9) |
83.9 (1.6) |
.6 (.8) |
| TTE (min) |
25.7 (2.8) |
27.2 (3.0) |
24.0 (3.9) |
25.8 (3.8) |
-.1 (.3) * |
| Fatmax (g/min) |
.8 (.3) |
1.1 (.2) |
.7 (.2) |
.8 (.2) |
1.2 (.9) *** |
VLCHF/HD – very low-carbohydrate high-fat diet/habitual diet group, CI – confidence interval, PRE – before the experiment, POST – after the experiment, V̇O
2max – maximal oxygen consumption, HR
max – maximal heart rate, v
max – maximal running speed, VT
2 – second ventilatory threshold, TTE – total time to exhaustion, Fat
max – maximal fat oxidation. The differences over time between the changes in the VLCHF and HD groups expressed as Effect Size values and their likelihood are shown (*possible, **likely, ***very likely, ****most likely) (see also Methods).
