Table 1. Mean (±standard deviation) and effect sizes of ROM and PPT values.
| Measures |
|
Dominant Limb |
Non-dominant limb |
| Intervention |
Baseline |
Pre |
Post |
Baseline |
Pre |
Post |
| PPT (kg) |
TENS |
16.1 (5.61) |
16.7 (6.75) |
18.6 (7.47) |
15.7 (4.38) |
16.4 (4.89) |
17.3 (5.70) |
| RM |
17.3 (8.02) |
18.4 (8.16) |
17.1 (8.91) |
16.6 (7.43) |
17.8 (8.63) |
18.5 (8.52) |
| BOTH |
15.9 (7.82) |
18.2 (7.40) |
17.5 (7.48) |
16.1 (8.32) |
17.1 (6.79) |
18.0 (7.43) |
| CTRL |
16.8 (8.40) |
17.7 (8.35) |
18.8 (10.09) |
15.7 (7.40) |
16.3 (6.89) |
17.3 (7.72) |
ROM
(degrees) |
TENS |
74.1 (14.05) |
71.1 (13.71) |
67.2 (12.53) |
77.3 (13.10) |
74.8 (14.16) |
73.2 (15.78) |
| RM |
69.5 (9.47) |
65.8 (9.47) |
63.7 (9.28) |
74.3 (7.64) |
72.3 (10.99) |
67.5 (11.90) |
| BOTH |
69.3 (10.36) |
67.0 (13.11) |
63.4 (11.87) |
76.9 (13.67) |
73.9 (13.36) |
71.3 (14.07) |
| CTRL |
72.4 (12.38) |
70.3 (13.27) |
66.9 (12.15) |
75.7 (10.51) |
74.6 (12.00) |
70.9 (9.78) |
| Effect Sizes and (Power) |
|
Dominant Limb |
Non-dominant limb |
| Intervention |
Baseline to Pre |
Baseline to Post |
Pre-Post |
Baseline to Pre |
Baseline to Post |
Pre-Post |
| PPT (kg) |
TENS |
.09 |
.38 |
.26 (.84) |
.16 |
.31 |
.51 (.16) |
| RM |
.13 |
.23 |
.15 (.45) |
.14 |
.23 |
.10 (.21) |
| BOTH |
.30 |
.21 |
.10 (.24) |
.13 |
.24 |
.12 (.35) |
| CTRL |
.10 |
.19 |
.12 (.31) |
.08 |
.19 |
.13 (.35) |
ROM
(degrees) |
TENS |
.21 |
.51 |
.30 (.90) |
.18 |
.27 |
.10 (.27) |
| RM |
.39 |
.61 |
.22 (.72) |
.21 |
.69 |
.41 (.99) |
| BOTH |
.19 |
.53 |
.28 (.91) |
.22 |
.40 |
.21 (.6) |
| CTRL |
.16 |
.44 |
.26 (.84) |
.09 |
.47 |
.33 (.95) |
Estimated post-hoc statistical power are bolded and illustrated in brackets.
