Table 1. Participation rate distributions within constituent years among masters swimmers across historical periods
|
Observed Frequency |
Expected Frequency |
χ2 |
d.f. |
p |
Effect size |
| Total |
Year 1 |
1385 |
1046 |
109.57 |
1 |
< .0001 |
1.49 |
| Year 2 |
1143 |
1046 |
8.92 |
1 |
< .01 |
0.43 |
| Year 3 |
996 |
1046 |
2.43 |
1 |
N.S. |
- |
| Year 4 |
906 |
1046 |
18.84 |
1 |
< .001 |
0.62 |
| Year 5 |
802 |
1046 |
57.08 |
1 |
< .0001 |
1.08 |
| 1972 |
Year 1 |
33 |
36 |
.25 |
1 |
N.S. |
- |
| Year 2 |
57 |
36 |
12.25 |
1 |
< .001 |
1.77 |
| Year 3 |
30 |
36 |
1.00 |
1 |
N.S. |
- |
| Year 4 |
31 |
36 |
.69 |
1 |
N.S. |
- |
| Year 5 |
29 |
36 |
1.36 |
1 |
N.S. |
- |
| 1982 |
Year 1 |
151 |
103.6 |
21.69 |
1 |
< .0001 |
1.60 |
| Year 2 |
106 |
103.6 |
.06 |
1 |
N.S. |
- |
| Year 3 |
83 |
103.6 |
4.1 |
1 |
< .05 |
.70 |
| Year 4 |
103 |
103.6 |
.01 |
1 |
N.S. |
- |
| Year 5 |
75 |
103.6 |
7.90 |
1 |
< .01 |
.97 |
| 1992 |
Year 1 |
276 |
184.8 |
45.01 |
1 |
< .0001 |
1.61 |
| Year 2 |
196 |
184.8 |
.68 |
1 |
N.S. |
- |
| Year 3 |
171 |
184.8 |
1.03 |
1 |
N.S. |
- |
| Year 4 |
152 |
184.8 |
5.82 |
1 |
< .05 |
.58 |
| Year 5 |
129 |
184.8 |
16.85 |
1 |
< .0001 |
.99 |
| 2002 |
Year 1 |
234 |
167.6 |
26.31 |
1 |
< .0001 |
1.52 |
| Year 2 |
190 |
167.6 |
2.99 |
1 |
N.S. |
- |
| Year 3 |
145 |
167.6 |
3.05 |
1 |
N.S. |
- |
| Year 4 |
132 |
167.6 |
7.56 |
1 |
< .01 |
.82 |
| Year 5 |
137 |
167.6 |
5.59 |
1 |
< .05 |
.70 |
| 2012 |
Year 1 |
319 |
281 |
5.14 |
1 |
< .05 |
1.02 |
| Year 2 |
291 |
281 |
.36 |
1 |
N.S. |
- |
| Year 3 |
309 |
281 |
2.79 |
1 |
N.S. |
- |
| Year 4 |
255 |
281 |
2.41 |
1 |
N.S. |
- |
| Year 5 |
231 |
281 |
8.90 |
1 |
< .01 |
1.35 |
| 2016 |
Year 1 |
372 |
273.4 |
35.56 |
1 |
< .0001 |
1.48 |
| Year 2 |
303 |
273.4 |
3.20 |
1 |
N.S. |
- |
| Year 3 |
258 |
273.4 |
0.87 |
1 |
N.S. |
- |
| Year 4 |
233 |
273.4 |
5.97 |
1 |
< .05 |
.61 |
| Year 5 |
201 |
273.4 |
19.17 |
1 |
< .0001 |
1.09 |
χ² = Chi square; d.f. = Degrees of freedom; p = p-value; N.S. = Non-significant.
