Table 1. Self-report instruments used for the construct validation of AMBIS-I.

Questionnaire	Construct	Scale	α	# Items	Sample item (translation from German original items)
Sport Orientation Questionnaire (SOQ) (Elbe, 2004)	Achievement goal orientation	Competitiveness (CO)	.87	13	I'm looking forward to competitions.
		Win Orientation (WO)	.83	6	I have the most fun when I win.
		Goal Orientation (GO)	.79	6	I try hardest when I have a specific goal.
Sport Motivation Scale (SMS) (Burtscher et al., 2011)	Self-determination	Se (SDI)	.83	28	It gives me pleasure to learn more about my sport.
Volitional Components in Sport (VCS) (Wenhold, Elbe & Beckmann, 2008)	Volition	Self-Optimization (SO)	.93	29	I am optimistic about most things in sports.
		Self-Impediment (SI)	.78	9	When I get into a bad mood during sports, I can hardly get out of it.
		Lack of Initiation (LI)	.88	13	I usually only start to train properly when someone puts pressure on me.
		Loss of Focus (LF)	.78	9	In training, I often have to think about things that have nothing to do with what I'm doing.

^a The seven subscales Intrinsic Motivation “To Know”, “To Accomplish” and To Experience”, External, Introjected and Identified Regulation, as well as Amotivation were combined to form a Self-Determination Index (see Vallerand, 2001)