Table 1. Kinematic parameters (angles in chosen joints and acceleration of the hand) - Means, Standard Deviations (SDs), Coefficients of Variation (CVs) and p value from the Student’s t-test (significant differences between TF1 and TF 2) in particular events in the whole group during the topspin forehand, task 1 (TF1).
|
TF1 |
| Ready |
Backswing |
Contact |
Forward |
| Mean(SD) |
CV(%) |
Mean(SD) |
CV(%) |
Mean(SD) |
CV(%) |
Mean(SD) |
CV(%) |
| LumbRot |
-4.1(6.3) |
153.1 |
-0.4(6.2) |
1451.2 |
-1.3(6.1) |
480.4 |
-6.8(8.6) |
125.8 |
| LumbFlex |
22.1(8.0) |
36.5 |
27.1(10.5) |
38.6 |
22.8(9.6) |
42 |
18.4(8.4) |
45.5 |
| LumbLat |
2.8(4.5) |
161.8 |
2.7(9.9) |
368 |
3.2(7.8) |
247.7 |
0.7(3.4) |
460.9 |
| ChestRot |
-2.0(5.2) |
257.6 |
0.0(7.6) |
2944 |
1.8(7.0) |
393 |
0.3(5.9) |
2051.6 |
| ChestFlex |
10.8(4.1) |
37.6 |
-14.9(6.4) |
43 |
-11.4(4.8) |
42.1 |
-8.4(6.6) |
79.2 |
| ChestLat |
2.1(4.0) |
192.9 |
8.5(13.7) |
162 |
8.8(12.3) |
140.1 |
-2.6(3.6) |
140.6 |
| LeftHipFlex |
40.1(11.4) |
28.4 |
24.8(10.0) |
40.2 |
33.0(10.7) |
32.5 |
51.2(13.5) |
26.3 |
| LeftHipAbd |
23.8(12.7) |
53.3 |
25.5(12.5) |
49.1 |
24.4(13.0) |
53.3 |
17.14(13.7) |
80.2 |
| LeftHipRot |
-1.2(8.8) |
743.5 |
18.7(10.9) |
58.1 |
-5.0(6.7) |
134.1 |
-13.5(5.8) |
42.7 |
| LeftKneeFlex |
37.3(6.9) |
18.6 |
55.9(10.9) |
19.5 |
56.2(11.5) |
20.4 |
47.0(9.9) |
21.2 |
| RightHipFlex |
44.6(14.2) |
31.8 |
70.5(8.9) |
12.7 |
55.5(7.5) |
13.5 |
30.6(10.2) |
33.3 |
| RightHipAbd |
21.0(5.7) |
27 |
4.14(10.4) |
250 |
18.0(10.6) |
59.2 |
29.7(4.0) |
14.1 |
| RightHipRot |
-7.2(17.4) |
242.4 |
-30.2(14.4) |
47.6 |
-21.7(13.8) |
63.6 |
2.7(11.3) |
420.7 |
| RightKneeFlex |
42.0(11.5) |
27.4 |
50.1(12.3) |
24.5 |
50.52(13.0) |
25.7 |
51.1(11.1) |
21.8 |
| ShExtRot |
-28.1(27.0) |
96.4 |
12.1(27.3) |
225.7 |
19.2(50.7) |
263 |
-34.3(26.5) |
77.1 |
| ShFlex |
18.1(8.2) |
45.2 |
1.8(17.8) |
960.6 |
31.4(11.5) |
36.7 |
82.1(10.9) |
13.3 |
| ShAbd |
3.7(8.6) |
232 |
24.1(13.1) |
54.2 |
27.4(11.5) |
41.8 |
48.4(41.8) |
86.3 |
| ElFlex |
68.2(10.1) |
14.8 |
43.5(18.9) |
43.4 |
47.1(30.1) |
63.4 |
72.4(17.6) |
24.3 |
| WrExtensio |
8.3(25.5) |
308.4 |
17.9(6.2) |
34.8 |
24.3(25.6) |
105.4 |
13.7(20.0) |
145.8 |
| WrRad |
-2.9(17.0) |
580 |
-19.9(16.4) |
82.4 |
-11.5(24.1) |
210.7 |
-9.3(20.1) |
216.2 |
| WrSup |
-1.8(15.4) |
855.7 |
-18.0(4.5) |
25.0 |
-2.1(6.2) |
290.5 |
-17.3(27.2) |
156.7 |
| ACC(m/s2) |
|
|
|
|
128.1p=0.01(19.9) |
11 |
|
|
Lumb – lumbar segment, Sh – shoulder, El – elbow, Wr – wrist, Rot – rotation, flex – flexion, Lat – lateral bend, Abd – abduction, ExtRot – external rotation, Rad – radial deviation, Sup – supination, bold font – significant difference with p≤0.05, bold font underlined with a single line – medium value of CV, bold font underlined with two lines – small value of CV
