Table 1. Summary of the studies on shoelace effect (n = 4).
Reference Shoe
Conditions
Tested
running
Speed
(m/s)
Subject Info
(Numbers, Sex, Age, Landing type)
Testing
Protocol
Outcome PEDro Score
Performance
related
Injury
related
Hong et al., (2011) 1. Laced running shoes (LS);
2. Elastic-covered
running shoes (ES)
3.8 15, M, 20.3,
rearfoot
striker
Treadmill
running
LS ↑ perceived forefoot
cushioning, heel cup
fitting, shoe heel width, shoe forefoot width &
shoe length;
LS ↓ max. rearfoot
pronation;
ES ↑ PP on 3rd, 4th &
5th MTH;
→ PP on other foot regions;
→ contact area for all
regions.
NA 6
Hagen and
Hennig, (2009)
1. REG6 (6 eyelets-regular lacing)
2. WEAK6 (6 eyelets-very weak lacing)
3. TIGHT6 (6 eyelets-very tight lacing)
4. EYE12 (eyelets 1 and 2)
5. EYE135(eyelets 1,3,5)
6. ALL7 (all 7 eyelets)
3.3 20, M, 32, rearfoot striker Overground running Low lacing ↓
vGRF impact, PP on 3rd
& 5th MTH than
high lacing;
→ maximum pronation.
EYE12↓ the peak
vertical forces than REG6
and TIGHT6; TIGH 6, ALL7 and REGULA 6↓
loading rate & pronation
velocities than EYE12, EYE135, and WEAK6;
High lacing ↓ heel &
lateral midfoot PP than
tighter lacing;
REG 6 ↑ loading rate &
heel PP than ALL7.
6
Hagen et al., (2010) 1. All 7 eyelet (ALL)
2. 6 eyelets-tight lacing (TIGHT6)
3. 6 eyelets-regular lacing (REG6)
4. Skipping the 6th eyelet (A57)
3.3 14, M, 24,
rearfoot striker
Overground running TIGHT6, ALL &
A57 ↑ perceived stability than REG6;
A57, REG6 ↑ comfort
than other; TIGHT6 is the most uncomfortable.
TIGHT6 ↑ PP on medial
foot dorsum than other;
ALL, A57 ↓ PP on
tarsal bones.
6
Hagen et al., (2011) 1. All 7 eyelets (ALL)
2. 6 eyelets-tight lacing (TIGHT6)
3. 6 eyelets-regular lacing (REG6)
4. Skipping the 6th eyelet (A57)
Self-selected Speed High level (21, M, NA, rearfoot striker);
Low level
(20, M, NA, rearfoot striker)
Overground running Low level:
A57 ↑ perceived stability
& comfort than REG6;
High level:
A57 ↓ perceived
comfort than other.
NA 6
Max = maximum, PP = peak pressure, vGRF = vertical ground reaction force, MTH = metatarsal head, NA = Not available