Table 1. Participant characteristics.
| Variables |
Current (n = 1000) |
Former (n = 401) |
Control |
| Total |
No hip OA |
With hip OA |
Total |
No hip OA |
With hip OA |
(n = 52) |
| Age (yrs; mean ± SD) |
26.1 ± 4.5 |
26 ± 4.4 |
29. 0 ± 4.6 |
36.46 ± 5.5 |
36.5 ± 5.6 |
36.2 ± 5.3 |
39.4 ± 6.6 |
| BMI (kg/m²; mean ± SD) |
23.3 ± 1.8 |
23.2 ± 1.8 |
23.5 ± 1.8 |
24.9 ± 2.2 |
24.9 ± 2.2 |
25.3 ± 1.8 |
29.4 ± 5.4 |
| Duration of football career (yrs; mean±SD) |
7.3 ± 4.4 |
7.3 ± 4.4 |
9.7 ± 5.4 |
11.3 ± 4.7 |
11.2 ± 4.7 |
12.0 ± 4.3 |
- |
| Duration of retirement (yrs; mean ± SD) |
- |
- |
- |
5.3 ± 4.1 |
5,2 ± 4.0 |
5.8 ± 4.8 |
- |
| Played in highest league (%) |
67.1 |
66.8 |
79.2 |
80.9 |
79.8 |
93.5 |
- |
| Employed (%) |
- |
|
|
88.8 |
88.4 |
93.8 |
88.5 |
| Voluntary retirement (%) |
- |
|
|
70.6 |
71.1 |
65.6 |
- |
| Level of education (%) |
| No school |
2.1 |
2.1 |
0 |
0.5 |
0 |
6.3 |
- |
| Nursery/elementary |
3 |
3.1 |
0 |
2.6 |
2.8 |
0 |
- |
| High School |
45.2 |
45.5 |
33.3 |
28.1 |
29.2 |
15.6 |
- |
| Vocational/Technical school |
15.8 |
15.9 |
12.5 |
7.9 |
7.2 |
15.6 |
- |
| College, university or equivalent |
33.9 |
33.4 |
54.2 |
60.9 |
60.7 |
62.5 |
- |
OA = osteoarthritis, SD = standard deviation, BMI = body mass index.
