Table 1. Characteristics of the included studies (n = 12).
Study Name Treatment Outcome
Participants Foam rolling Stretching Combined Range of motion Performance
Smith, et al., 2018 N = 29; 8 male and 21
female (23 physically active/6 sedentary) (age 22 ± 3 years)		 3 x 30 s/MTU: gluteals, hamstrings, quadriceps, and calf Dynamic stretching 20 min: Dynamic movements of as large ROM as
possible targeting gluteals, hamstrings, quadriceps, and calf		 Foam rolling +
dynamic stretching		 Sit and reach Vertical jump height (cm)
Lin et al., 2020 N = 40; 25 male and
15 female college badminton players (age 21.4 ± 1.5 years)		 20 s/MTU with vibration: quadriceps, hamstrings, calf, rotator cuff, lower back Dynamic stretching: 8 dynamic
movements of the trunk + upper and lower extremities		 Dynamic stretching + vibration foam
rolling		 Knee flexion
Knee extension		 CMJ height (cm)
Agility (s)
Fairall et al., 2017 N = 12; 12 male softball
players (age 36.92 ± 11.17 years)		 2 x 60 s/MTU:
infraspinatus		 Static stretching: 3 x 30 s per stretch: sleeper stretch and cross-body stretch Foam rolling +
static stretching		 Glenohumeral
internal rotation ROM		 -
Richman et al., 2019 N = 14; 14 female
(8 volleyball, 6 basketball) players (age 19.8 ± 1.3 years)		 30 s/MTU: hip flexors and quadriceps, adductors,
tensor fasciae latae and gluteus, hamstrings, plantar flexors, and dorsiflexors		 Dynamic stretching: For 5 min;
participants performed their own routine		 Foam rolling +
dynamic stretching		 Sit and reach Squat jump height (cm)
CMJ height (cm)
Drop jump height (cm)
Agility T-Test (s)
Short sprint (s)
Škarabot et al., 2015 N = 11; 6 male and 5 female swimmers (age 15.3 ± 1.0 years) 3 x 30 s plantar flexors Static stretching: 3 x 30 s plantar
flexors		 Foam rolling +
static stretching		 Dorsiflexion ROM -
Hodgson et al., 2019 N = 12; 7 male and 5 female recreationally trained athletes (age range 18-30 years) 30 s/MTU:
hamstrings and quadriceps		 Static stretching: 2 x 30 s/MTU
hamstrings and quadriceps		 Static stretching (30 s/MTU) + foam rolling (30 s/MTU) Hip flexion active Hip flexion passive Knee flexion active Knee flexion passive CMJ height (inches)
Hurdle jump height (inches)
Hurdle jump contact time (s)
Knee flexion peak torque (Nm)
Knee extension peak torque(Nm)
Kyranoudis et al., 2019 N = 24 male soccer players;
11 in the control group (age 21.7 ± 1.1 years); 13 in the
experimental group (age 21.6
± 0.7 years).		 30 s/MTU:
quadriceps,
hamstrings,
adductors,
gastrocnemius		 Static stretching: 10 s/MTU
quadriceps, hamstrings,
adductors, gastrocnemius		 Foam rolling +
static stretching		 Hip flexion ROM CMJ height (cm)
CMJ free height (cm)
Che Hsiu et al., 2021 N = 10; 10 female handball players (age 21 ± 1 years) 4 x 30 s/MTU
with vibration: quadriceps and hamstrings		 Dynamic stretching: 4 x 15 repetitions (5 x slow and 10 x as fast as possible)
targeting the quadriceps and hamstring muscles		 Dynamic stretching
+ vibration foam
rolling		 Knee extension
Knee flexion		 Hamstring strength 60°/s (Nm)
Hamstring strength 240°/s (Nm)
Quadriceps strength 60°/s (Nm)
Quadriceps strength 240°/s (Nm)
Cunha et al., 2021 N = 18; 18 female
recreationally trained athletes (age 24.0 ± 2.0 years)		 60 s hamstrings Dynamic stretching: 60 s dynamic movements targeting the hamstring muscles Foam rolling +
dynamic stretching		 Straight leg raise -
Smith et al., 2019 N = 44; 26 male (age 21.7 ± 1.7 years) and 18 female
athletes (age 21.3 ± 2.0 years); activity level not
reported		 3 x 30 s calf Static stretching: 3 x 30 s calf Foam rolling +
static stretching		 Ankle dorsiflexion -
Peacock et al., 2014 N = 11; 11 male physically
active individuals (age 22.2 ± 2.2 years)		 30 s/MTU:
thoracic/lumbar spine, gluteal, hamstring,
calf, pectoral,
quadriceps		 Dynamic stretching: dynamic movements of the whole body
either
performed as 2 x 10
repetitions or 2 x 10 m		 Foam rolling +
dynamic stretching		 Sit and reach Vertical jump height (cm)
Standing long jump (cm)
18.3 m pro agility (s) Indirect 1-RM bench press (kg)
37 m sprint (s)
Somers et al., 2020 N = 42; 24 male and 18
female physical therapy students (age 26.1 ± 4.0 years)		 60 s calf Dynamic stretching: 60 s in downward dog targeting the
posterior chain		 Foam rolling +
dynamic stretching		 Ankle dorsiflexion -