Web-Based and Face-To-Face Autonomy-Supportive Intervention for Physical Education Teachers and Students’ Experiences

Table 1. Pairwise comparisons of the variables between study groups at a one-month follow-up. Data are means (±SD).

Dependent variables	Study groups
Dependent variables	Combined group	Web-based group	Face-to-face group	Control group
Cognitive autonomy support	6.29 ± 0.67 ^b,c,d***	6.03 ± 0.68 ^a,d	6.08 ± 0.67 ^a,d*	5.83 ± 0.67 ^{a*,b,c***}
Procedural autonomy support	6.14 ± 0.76 ^{b*,c,d***}	5.81 ± 0.76 ^a**,d	5.90 ± 0.76 ^a*,d	5.65 ± 0.75 ^a**,b,c**
Organisational autonomy support	5.89 ± 0.92 ^c*,d*	5.70 ± 0.92 ^c,d**	5.48 ± 0.93 ^a**,c,d***	5.28 ± 0.92 ^{a*,b, }
Negative conditional regard	2.15 ± 0.83 ^{b*,c, d***}	2.57 ± 0.83 ^a***	2.46 ± 0.82 ^a*,d	2.67 ± 0.82 ^a**,c
Controlling use of grades	2.95 ± 1.01 ^{b*,c,d***}	3.41 ± 1.01 ^a***	3.35 ± 1.00 ^a**	3.52 ± 1.01 ^a***
Intimidation	1.29 ± 0.61 ^d**	1.35 ± 0.61 ^d**	1.34 ± 0.62 ^d*	1.50 ± 0.61 ^a,b,c*
Autonomy need satisfaction	5.55 ± 0.94 ^c,d*	5.36 ± 0.94 ^d***	5.26 ± 0.94 ^a*,d	5.02 ± 0.94 ^a*,b,c
Competence need satisfaction	5.65 ± 0.84 ^b,c,d*	5.41 ± 0.84 ^a,d*	5.26 ± 0.84 ^a***	5.18 ± 0.84 ^a*,b
Relatedness need satisfaction	6.06 ± 0.73 ^b**,c,d***	5.73 ± 0.73 ^a***	5.85 ± 0.73 ^a,d	5.67 ± 0.74 ^a**,c
Autonomy need frustration	2.62 ± 0.95 ^b,c,d**	2.87 ± 0.95 ^a,d*	2.95 ± 0.94 ^a*,d	3.20 ± 0.94 ^a*,b,c*
Competence need frustration	2.46 ± 1.00 ^b*,c,d**	2.94 ± 0.88 ^a***	2.85 ± 0.99 ^a*,d	3.06 ± 0.99 ^a*,c
Relatedness need frustration	1.70 ± 0.73 ^b,c,d**	1.87 ± 0.73 ^a*	1.93 ± 0.73 ^a**	2.01 ± 0.74 ^a***
Intrinsic motivation	5.63 ± 0.98 ^b,c,d**	5.41 ± 0.99 ^a*	5.31 ± 0.99 ^a**	5.25 ± 0.98 ^a***

**p < 0.01,***p < 0.001.*p < 0.05,^d significantly different from the control group.^c significantly different from the face-to-face group.^a significantly different from the combined group.^b significantly different from the web-based group.