Table 1. The integrated electromyography (iEMG) mean ± SD, median and interquartile range (IQR) of the rectus abdominis (RA), external oblique (EO), latissimus dorsi (LD), erector spinae (ES), biceps femoris (BF), vastus lateralis (VL), tibialis anterior (TA) and gastrocnemius medialis (GM) in the rotation phase for each studied backstroke-to-breaststroke turning technique and respective of χ ² and p-values of the comparisons among techniques.

iEMG (%)	Turning techniques												χ 2	P<
	Open			Somersault			Bucket			Crossover
	Mean±SD	Median	IQR	Mean±SD	Median	IQR	Mean± SD	Median	IQR	Mean±SD	Median	IQR
RA	43.37±23.37	49.60	31.15	32.12±15.01	25.20	19.93	48.51±19.75	50.30	18.35	41.19±15.08	41.00	14.25	6.41	0.09
EO	11.62±6.26	11.60	11.63	11.26±11.57	9.60	24.30	2.69±2.67	2.55	2.85	31.25±11.17	31.00	10.25	36.74	0.001
LD	7.91±5.22	7.90	8.45	8.41±5.26	8.40	3.15	7.89±4.41	7.90	1.68	50.88±22.42	51.00	37.75	37.33	0.001
ES	52.50 ±19.39	52.50	0.00	48.18±30.83	48.20	23.00	77.70±11.91	77.70	0.00	89.10±10.00	89.00	0.00	30.04	0.001
BF	48.47±18.67	48.50	29.48	33.11±22.53	29.15	29.80	43.96±17.76	44.00	10.73	42.00±18.68	41.00	14.75	7.312	0.001
VL	36.29±14.94	36.30	12.78	41.98±20.20	42.00	33.25	37.37±26.20	37.40	27.38	41.94±11.86	42.00	0.00	4.174	0.001
TA	9.59±6.21	8.45	3.58	23.89±14.50	23.90	12.45	12.91±4.63	12.90	2.03	36.19±12.35	36.00	0.00	35.30	0.001
GM	8.29±3.05	8.30	0.00	31.63±15.11	38.80	24.30	29.22±8.62	29.20	5.18	45.88±15.99	46.00	5.00	40.44	0.001