Table 1. Maximum angles and angle displacements of the chest and hip joints during right and left turns.

			LW10-2 skier		LW11 skier		LW12-2 skier
			Right turn	Left turn	Right turn	Left turn	Right turn	Left turn
Chest	Maximum Angle	Flexion	25.1	16.8	4.2	11.7	37.4	34.1
		Extension	-6.9	-0.2	6.8	8.1	-4.5	1.0
	Angle displacement (Flexion + Extension)		18.3	16.6	11.0	19.8	32.9	35.1
	Maximum Angle	Lateral flexion (Turn outside)	27.1	35.4	30.1	22.6	43.9	40.6
		Lateral flexion (Turn inside)	9.5	0.9	7.2	8.2	14.3	18.2
	Angle displacement (Outside + Inside)		36.6	36.3	37.4	30.8	58.2	58.8
	Maximum Angle	Rotation (Turn outside)	17.2	7.9	8.2	17.6	20.8	17.3
		Rotation (Turn inside)	7.5	17.2	17.2	5.8	18.6	18.3
	Angle displacement (Outside + Inside)		24.7	25.2	25.3	23.4	39.4	35.6
Hip	Maximum Angle	Flexion	3.6	7.9	0.9	1.7	-3.1	6.3
		Extension	6.3	2.2	1.8	1.7	11.8	7.0
	Angle displacement (Flexion + Extension)		9.9	10.1	2.7	3.4	8.6	13.3
Edging Angle			50.3	58.2	57.2	56.0	62.2	63.7

The three anatomical angles of the chest joint (flexion/extension, lateral flexion, and rotation about the long axis of the lower trunk) were expressed using the Euler angle. The angle displacement shows the sum of the maximum angles in both directions in each anatomical axis of the chest and hip joints. LW10-2/LW11 and LW12-2 skiers have significant differences in the amounts of joint angle displacement. In the case of the LW11 skier, large differences were observed between the right and left turns.