Table 1. The changes in knee flexion range of motion (ROM), pain pressure threshold, and tissue hardness before and after control, Foam Rolling, and Vibration Foam Rolling intervention, 10 minutes after intervention, 20 minutes after intervention, and 30 minutes after intervention, as mean ± SD. The two-way ANOVA results (T: time effect, C x T: condition x time interaction effect; F-value) and partial η2 (η_p² ) are shown in the right column.

	Control					Foam Rolling					Vibration Foam Rolling					ANOVA results
	PRE	POST	10min	20min	30min	PRE	POST	10min	20min	30min	PRE	POST	10min	20min	30min	P value, F value, ηp2
Knee Flexion ROM (degrees)	139.5±3.7	139.7±3.6	139.8±3.6	139.7±3.7	139.7±3.8	138.5±3.3	141.5±4.2*	140.8±4.1*†	140.3±4.1*†	139.7±4.2 *† ‡§	140.1±3.5	143.1±4.1*	142.5±3.9 *†	141.9±3.8 *† ‡	141.5±3.9 *† ‡	T: F=68.0, p<0.01, ηp2=0.64 CxT: F=13.4, p <0.01, ηp2=0.41
	d=	0.05	0.08	0.06	0.04	d=	0.80	0.63	0.48	0.33	d=	0.77	0.64	0.47	0.37
PPT (kg)	4.16±1.4	4.18±1.4	4.10 ±1.4	4.08 ±1.5	4.12 ±1.7	4.04 ±1.2	4.78 ±1.7*	4.31 ±1.3	4.15 ±1.4†	4.05 ±1.2†	4.25 ±1.5	5.02 ±1.7*	4.84 ±2.1*	4.60 ±1.9	4.65 ±2.0	T:F=8.9, p<0.01, ηp2=0.19 CxT: F=2.7, p<0.01, ηp2=0.12
	d=	0.01	-0.04	-0.05	-0.03	d=	0.51	0.21	0.08	0.00	d=	0.48	0.33	0.20	0.23
Tissue hardness (N)	18.76±0.6	18.8±1.9	18.5±1.9	18.8±1.6	18.6±1.7	18.1±1.9	16.7±1.6*	16.7±2.1*	17.2±2.0	17.5±2.0†	18.5±2.4	16.9±2.3*	16.9±2.5*	16.8±2.4*	17.2±2.2*	T: F=16.1, p<0.01, ηp2=0.29 CxT: F=4.7, p<0.01, ηp2=0.19
	d=	0.01	-0.15	0.03	-0.11	d=	-0.78	-0.67	-0.43	-0.29	d=	-0.72	-0.66	-0.73	-0.58

*: Significant difference from PRE value (p<0.01)† : Significant difference from POST value (p<0.01)‡: Significant difference from 10min value (p<0.01)§: Significant difference from 20min value (p<0.01)