Table 1. Mean (±SD) of intramuscular and serum biomarkers in response to low-load (LL) and high-load (HL) resistance exercise.
| Condition |
Pre-Exercise |
3h Post |
24h Post |
| Myostatin mRNA Expression (fold-change) |
| LL |
1.00 (±0.00) |
1.41 (±0.51) |
2.65 (±0.46) * |
| HL |
1.00 (±0.00) |
2.59 (±0.67) * |
3.04 (±0.82) * |
| Muscle Myostatin (ng/mg) |
| LL |
16.45 (±7.87) |
17.74 (±8.47) |
18.05 (±12.67) |
| HL |
14.79 (±11.15) |
18.71 (±10.93) |
20.75 (±10.76) * |
| Serum Myostatin (ng/ml) |
| LL |
113.17 (±38.91) |
101.42 (±38.63) |
93.39 (±46.48) |
| HL |
117.21 (±53.50) |
112.05 (±60.37) |
75.31 (±51.23) * |
| Total Smad 2/3 (Absorbance at 450 nm) |
| LL |
0.32 (±0.02) |
0.45 (±0.03) |
0.52 (±0.03) |
| HL |
0.35 (±0.04) |
0.56 (±0.06) |
0.62 (±0.05) |
| Muscle Decorin (pg/mg) |
| LL |
511.77 (±186.96) |
805.56 (±239.97) |
1165.73 (±439.91) * |
| HL |
583.44 (±184.41) |
1171.22 (±350.24) |
1588.73 (±429.86) * |
| Serum Follistatin (pg/ml) |
| LL |
1,468 (±345.92) |
1,582.84 (±381.63) |
1,978.22 (±531.06) * |
| HL |
1,523 (±367.02) |
1,673.68 (±412.84) |
1,869,78 (±476.18) * |
* Indicates a significant main effect for time (p < 0.05); myostatin mRNA (p = 0.041), muscle myostatin (p = 0.029), serum myostatin (p = 0.036), muscle decorin (p = 0.025), serum follistatin (p = 0.034)
