Table 1. Characteristics of the included studies.

Study	Age(y)	Participants	Disease	BMI	Duration	Exercise program	Dosage of citrulline	Measured outcomes
Buckinx (2018)	66.9 ± 4.2	28M, 28F	-	30.5 ± 4.5	12 weeks; 3x/week	HIIT; 30s 85%HRmax: 90s 65%HRmax; 10sets	10g/day	↑LLS ↔BMI; WC; FM; 6MWT; TUG
Buckinx (2020)	67.8 ± 4.2	21M, 23F	-	26.1 ± 2.55	12 weeks; 3x/week	HIIT; 30s 85%HRmax: 90s 65%HRmax; 10sets	10g/day	↓FM ↑TUG ↔BMI; WC; 6MWT; LLS
Caballero (2021)	65.1 ± 4.0	18M, 26F	Sarcopenia	25.8 ± 2.6	6 weeks	AT; RPE14; 10min. RT; RPE16; 20min	3g/day	↑6MWT ↔TUG
Figueroa (2015)	58.0 ± 1.0	27F	-	34.4 ± 1.0	8 weeks; 3x/week	WBVT; 25-40Hz; OA= 1-2 mm; Semi-squats, wide-stance semi-squats, calf raises and squats; 60s; 5sets; Side-alternating vibrations.	6g/day	↔LM; FM; LLS
Kang (2023)	62.5 ± 1.5	24F	Hypertension	29.4 ± 1.4	4 weeks; 3x/week	RT; Leg press, leg extension, leg curl, and calf raise; 50%1RM; 25min	10g/day	↑LM; LLS ↔BMI; WC; FM;
Marcangeli (2022)	67.7 ± 4.5	38M, 43F	-	29.2 ± 4.7	12 weeks; 3x/week	HIIT; 30s 85%HRmax: 90s 65%HRmax; 10sets	10g/day	↑LLS ↔WC; LM; FM; 6MWT; TUG;
Wong (2015)	58.0 ± 3.5	27F	-	34.4 ± 3.7	8 weeks; 3x/week	WBVT; 25-40Hz; OA= 1-2 mm; Semi-squats, wide-stance semi-squats, calf raises and squats; 60s; 5sets; Side-alternating vibrations.	6g/day	↔BMI

M=Male; F=Female; BMI= Body mass index; HIIT= High intensity interval training; AT= Aerobic training; RT= Resistance training; WBVT= Whole body vibration training; WC= Waist circumference; FM= Fat mass; 6MWT= 6-minute walking test; TUG= Timed Up and Go; LLS= Lower limb strength; LM= Lean mass; OA= Oscillation amplitude.