Table 1. Ball-head impact exposure based on sex and age.
Total Ball-Head Impacts Total Players Ball-Head Impacts per Player Ball-Head Impacts per Game 95% CI Range (min-max)
U12 Girls 30 240 0.13 ± 0.07 3.00 ± 1.70 † ,# 1.78-4.22 1-6
U12 Boys 101 254 0.40 ± 0.16 10.10 ± 3.90 † ,# 7.31-12.89 4-17
U13 Girls 54 300 0.18 ± 0.13 5.40 ± 4.20 †  2.4-8.4 2-16
U13 Boys 133 294 0.45 ± 0.24 13.30 ± 7.45 # 4.46-9.34 4-25
U14 Girls 69 288 0.24 ± 0.11 6.90 ± 3.41 †  4.46-9.34 3-12
U14 Boys 192 298 0.64 ± 0.24 19.20 ± 7.44 †  13.88-24.52 8-34
Females 153 828 0.18 ± 0.11 5.10 ± 3.56 § 3.83-6.37 1-16
Males 426 846 0.50 ± 0.24 14.20 ± 7.34 § 11.57-16.83 4-34
U12 131 494 0.26 ± 0.19 6.55 ± 4.67 * 4.36-8.74 1-17
U13 187 594 0.31 ± 0.23 9.35 ± 7.15 6.01-12.69 2-25
U14 261 586 0.44 ± 0.28 13.05 ± 8.46 * 9.09-17.01 3-34
Total 579 1674 0.34 ± 0.24 9.65 ± 7.33 7.76-11.54 1-34
Ball-Head Impacts per Game and Ball-Head Impacts per Player: mean ± standard deviation; CI=confidence interval;§ Males > Females;* U14 > U12;†  U14 boys > U12 girls, U12 boys, U13 girls, U14 girls;# U12 boys, U13 boys > U12 girls.