Table 1. Effects of stretching on changes in the range of motion, peak passive torque, and passive stiffness.
Dependent variable |
Stretching method |
Pre |
Post 0 min |
Post 20 min |
Post 60 min |
ROM (°) |
SS |
86.0 ± 6.4 |
99.7 ± 6.9 * |
96.2 ± 6.2 * |
94.9 ± 6.8 * |
Relative change |
- |
+16.1 ± 3.5% |
+12.1 ± 2.7% |
+10.5 ± 4.2% |
DS |
86.2 ± 7.4 |
99.0 ± 6.1 * |
95.7 ± 5.7 * |
94.4 ± 6.8 * |
Relative change |
- |
+15.2 ± 5.6% |
+11.4 ± 5.8% |
+9.7 ± 4.7% |
SS-DS |
85.4 ± 6.7 |
99.3 ± 6.7 * |
96.2 ± 7.0 * |
94.5 ± 7.4 * |
Relative change |
- |
+16.5 ± 5.9% |
+12.8 ± 4.5% |
+10.6 ± 3.6% |
DS-SS |
85.8 ± 7.2 |
99.1 ± 7.4 * |
96.5 ± 7.8 * |
95.2 ± 6.8 * |
Relative change |
- |
+15.6 ± 5.1% |
+12.6 ± 4.6% |
+11.1 ± 4.5% |
PPT (Nm) |
SS |
31.1 ± 6.9 |
37.2 ± 8.8 * |
36.2 ± 8.4 * |
35.4 ± 8.2 * |
Relative change |
- |
+19.8 ± 7.2% |
+16.6 ± 8.0% |
+13.9 ± 7.8% |
DS |
31.2 ± 6.1 |
36.1 ± 6.5 * |
36.1 ± 6.9 * |
35.0 ± 7.3 * |
Relative change |
- |
+16.2 ± 11.8% |
+16.0 ± 10.7% |
+12.0 ± 9.1% |
SS-DS |
31.2 ± 6.3 |
36.0 ± 7.5 * |
35.5 ± 8.0 * |
35.0 ± 7.5 * |
Relative change |
- |
+15.5 ± 8.1% |
+13.8 ± 6.8% |
+12.1 ± 6.7% |
DS-SS |
31.2 ± 7.9 |
36.5 ± 8.1 * |
35.6 ± 8.0 * |
34.9 ± 7.9 * |
Relative change |
- |
+18.0 ± 10.0% |
+15.0 ± 7.9% |
+12.6 ± 9.1% |
Passive stiffness (Nm/°) |
SS |
0.411 ± 0.119 |
0.367 ± 0.107 * |
0.382 ± 0.111 * |
0.385 ± 0.124 |
Relative change |
- |
-10.6 ± 7.3% |
-7.1 ± 8.5% |
-6.7 ± 12.4% |
DS |
0.409 ± 0.100 |
0.357 ± 0.093 * |
0.382 ± 0.105 * |
0.385 ± 0.132 |
Relative change |
- |
-12.9 ± 6.3% |
-6.8 ± 8.9% |
-7.3 ± 9.2% |
SS-DS |
0.412 ± 0.108 |
0.346 ± 0.102 * |
0.367 ± 0.094 * |
0.377 ± 0.108 * |
Relative change |
- |
-16.0 ± 10.1% |
-10.4 ± 8.6% |
-8.7 ± 9.6% |
DS-SS |
0.410 ± 0.140 |
0.359 ± 0.098 * |
0.368 ± 0.107 * |
0.363 ± 0.112 * |
Relative change |
- |
-11.3 ± 6.9% |
-9.3 ± 7.5% |
-10.7 ± 10.0% |
ROM, range of motion; PPT, passive torque; SS, static stretching; DS, dynamic stretching; SS-DS, static stretching followed by dynamic stretching; DS-SS, dynamic stretching followed by static stretching. Values are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation.*p < 0.05 compared with the pre-stretching value.