Table 1. Blood perfusion, biomechanical properties, pressure pain threshold and reactive strength index (muscle power) of the gastrocnemius muscle in the experimental and sham group during Rest and Post-DN period (1-5 min and 24 h).
Variables groups Rest Post 1-5 minutes Post 24 hours ES ηp 2 Groups effect Time effect time × group effect
PU eDN 7.91 ± 0.73 12.41 ± 0.93 c 9.39 ± 1.37 † b 0.685 65.054
<.001
39.01
<.001
39.198
<.001
qDN 7.58 ± 0.65 7.62 ± 0.83 7.8 ± 0.8
T [Hz] eDN 18.15 ± 1.87 16.13 ± 1.52 a 14.77 ± 1.09 c 0.583 12.991
.002
23.446
<.001
25.149
<.001
qDN 19.42 ± 2.51 19.45 ± 2.66 19.48 ± 2.05
S [N/m] eDN 326.6 ± 57.75 303.4 ± 54.79* 280.8 ± 47.61 0.365 3.083
.096
13.088
<.001
10.356
<.001
qDN 354.7 ± 78.49 355.2 ± 77.04 352 ± 69.9
E eDN 0.96 ± 0.1 0.91 ± 0.13 0.84 ± 0.1 a 0.465 5.052
.037
3.632
0.037
15.649
<.001
qDN 0.97 ± 0.08 1.01 ± 0.08 1.01 ± 0.11
PPT [N/cm] eDN 112.94 ± 5.93 128.52 ± 5.67 c 136.15 ± 8.24 c 0.788 28.168
<.001
58.631
<.001
67.073
<.001
qDN 107.33 ± 11.16 104.25 ± 7.95 107.19 ± 11.50
RSI [m/s] eDN 2.10 ± 0.21 2.24 ± 0.24* 2.35 ± 0.15 b 0.414 10.323
.005
5.924
.006
11.659
<.001
qDN 1.98 ± 0.2 1.92 ± 0.24 1.94 ± 0.22
eDN – experimental group; qDN – quasi group; PU – perfusion unit; T- uscle tone; S – stiffness; E – elasticity; PPT - pressure pain threshold; RSI - reactive strength index.*, † , ‡: significant difference between Post 1-5min- or 24h vs. Rest measures (p < .05; p < .01; p < .001 – respectively);a, b, c: significant difference between groups (p < .05; p < .01; p < .001 – respectively).