Table 1. Changes in physical fitness attributes from pre to post-intervention for the experimental groups (mean ± SD).
| Variables |
Variables |
Pre-intervention |
Post-intervention |
Main effect |
Interaction
effect |
Hedge's
g (95% CI) |
|
n2p |
| CMJ
(cm) |
SAND |
35.6 ±
2.7 |
39.0 ±
2.7*†
|
F = 83.9,
p = 0.001 |
Group ×
Time |
1.21 (0.25
to 2.15) |
Large ↑ |
0.90 |
| GRASS |
34.7
± 2.7 |
37.3
± 2.4* |
F
= 138.2, p = 0.001 |
F
= 7.9 |
0.97
(0.05 to 1.90) |
Moderate
↑ |
0.93 |
| LAND |
34.6 ±
2.8 |
36.4 ±
2.6* |
F = 52.0,
p = 0.001 |
p = 0.008 |
0.64 (-0.26
to 1.54) |
Moderate
↑ |
0.85 |
| CON |
34.8
± 2.9 |
35.1
± 2.8 |
NA |
N
= 80 |
|
|
|
| 20-m
linear sprint (sec) |
SAND |
3.87 ±
0.18 |
3.71 ±
0.20* |
F = 36.5,
p = 0.001 |
Group ×
Time |
-0.81 (-1.72
to 0.11) |
Moderate
↓ |
0.80 |
| GRASS |
3.86
± 0.21 |
3.74
± 0.21* |
F
= 27.2, p = 0.001 |
F
= 10.7 |
-0.55
(-1.44 to 0.35) |
Small
↓ |
0.75 |
| LAND |
3.82 ±
0.27 |
3.70 ±
0.29* |
F = 23.9,
p = 0.001 |
p = 0.014 |
-0.41 (-1.30
to 0.48) |
Small ↓ |
0.72 |
| CON |
3.84
± 0.26 |
3.87
± 0.28 |
NA |
N
= 80 |
|
|
|
| Illinois
CoD (sec) |
SAND |
18.46 ±
0.70 |
17.87 ±
0.87* |
F = 55.6,
p = 0.001 |
Group ×
Time |
-0.72 (-1.72
to 0.19) |
Moderate
↓ |
0.86 |
| GRASS |
18.56
± 0.67 |
17.93
± 0.84* |
F
= 42.0, p = 0.001 |
F
= 11.1 |
-0.79
(-1.70 to 0.12) |
Moderate
↓ |
0.82 |
| LAND |
18.47 ±
1.01 |
18.03 ±
1.04* |
F = 13.7,
p = 0.005 |
p = 0.033 |
-0.41 (-1.30
to 0.47) |
Small ↓ |
0.60 |
| CON |
18.49
± 0.91 |
18.52
± 0.98 |
NA |
N
= 80 |
|
|
|
| Yo-Yo
IR1 (distance, m) |
SAND |
1300.0
± 78.3 |
1482.2
± 106.8* |
F = 73.8,
p = 0.001 |
Group ×
Time |
1.86 (0.81
to 2.91) |
Large ↑ |
0.89 |
| GRASS |
1326.0
± 117.0 |
1470.0
± 114.7* |
F
= 42.0, p = 0.001 |
F
= 18.6 |
1.19
(0.24 to 2.15) |
Moderate
↑ |
0.86 |
| LAND |
1338.0
± 109.7 |
1486.0
± 140.8* |
F = 29.2,
p = 0.001 |
p = 0.002 |
1.12 (0.18
to 2.07) |
Moderate
↑ |
0.76 |
| CON |
1320.0
± 91.1 |
1340.0
± 98.8 |
NA |
N
= 80 |
|
|
|
| 2.4
km time trail (min) |
SAND |
14.54 ±
1.22 |
13.44 ±
1.35* |
F = 58.4,
p = 0.001 |
Group ×
Time |
-0.82 (-1.73
to 0.09) |
Moderate
↓ |
0.86 |
| GRASS |
14.50
± 1.33 |
13.62
± 1.39* |
F
= 57.5, p = 0.001 |
F
= 13.9 |
-0.62
(-1.52 to 0.28) |
Moderate
↓ |
0.86 |
| LAND |
14.44 ±
1.33 |
13.73 ±
1.45* |
F = 27.6,
p = 0.001 |
p = 0.026 |
-0.49 (-1.38
to 0.40) |
Small ↓ |
0.75 |
| CON |
14.67
± 1.42 |
14.58
± 1.51 |
NA |
N
= 80 |
|
|
|
| MKD
(m) |
SAND |
37.8 ±
5.5 |
41.2 ±
5.3* |
F = 60.4,
p = 0.001 |
Group ×
Time |
0.60 (-0.29
to 1.50) |
Moderate
↑ |
0.87 |
| GRASS |
35.7
± 3.9 |
39.1
± 3.3* |
F
= 90.1, p = 0.001 |
F
= 10.9 |
0.90
(-0.02 to 1.82) |
Moderate
↑ |
0.95 |
| LAND |
36.6 ±
4.2 |
39.7 ±
4.1* |
F = 54.6,
p = 0.001 |
p = 0.002 |
0.72 (-0.19
to 1.62) |
Moderate
↑ |
0.93 |
| CON |
36.4
± 5.3 |
36.7
± 6.1 |
NA |
N
= 80 |
|
|
|
* Denotes significant differences versus pre-intervention value and CON group (p ≤ 0.05).† Denotes significant differences compared with LAND group (p ≤ 0.05). NA: not applicable.
