Table 2. TOPS subscales as a function of skill level. Data are means (±SD).
| |
Elite
(n = 65) |
Nonelite
(n = 50) |
df |
F |
p |
η2 |
| TOPS |
| Activation |
13.97 (1.94) |
13.34 (2.32) |
1,107 |
.83 |
.32 |
.12 |
| Relaxation |
13.23 (2.48) |
15.10 (3.16) |
1,107 |
18 |
.001 |
.18 |
| Imagery |
15.29 (3.19) |
13.10 (2.99) |
1,107 |
27.20 |
.001 |
.20 |
| Goal setting |
14.58 (2.94) |
12.66 (2.24) |
1,107 |
2.15 |
.09 |
.08 |
| Self-talk |
16.32 (2.47) |
14.71 (2.52) |
1,107 |
14.83 |
.001 |
.17 |
| Automaticity |
15.00 (3.50) |
13.91 (6.63) |
1,107 |
1.40 |
.29 |
.05 |
| Emotional control |
14.74 (2.66) |
13.71 (2.69) |
1,107 |
.41 |
.59 |
.08 |
| Negative attitude |
8.31 (2.56) |
7.57 (2.33) |
1,107 |
.93 |
.33 |
.09 |
