Table 2. Characteristic EMG activity values during back swing and forward swing phases as reported in the literature.

Iliopsoas	60-80% 2	65.1 – 100.9% 2
Rectus femoris	25-60% 2 47.8 – 51% 3	32.5 – 68.7% 2 78.6 – 85.5% 3	59.1 – 63.8%3
Vastus lateralis	0 – 40% 2 70% 1	~64 – 102% 2 ~80% 1	~80% 1
Vastus medialis	90% 1 33.1 – 40.8% 3	~80% 1 66.9 – 70.4% 3	~80% 1 55.4 – 70.8%3
Biceps femoris	15-25% 2 70% 1 38.9 – 50% 3	5.2 - 30% 2 <30% 1 39.8 – 40.1% 3	~40% 1 53.6 – 54.1%3
Gluteus maximus	5-15% 2 65-70% 1	2.1 – 32.1% 2 <30% 1	~80% 1
Semitendinosus	70% 1	30% 1	~40% 1
Tibialis anterior	40% 1	30% 1	~80% 1

De Proft et al. 1988 Dorge et al, 1999 Manolopoulos et al. 2006.