Table 2. Differences in the thermoregulatory responses between pre-pubertal boys and girls exercising in hot and humid environments.
| Response |
Females |
Males |
| Circulatory |
|
|
| Cardiac Output (Q̇) |
Higher |
Lower |
| Stroke Volume |
Lower |
Higher |
| Heart Rate |
Higher or similar |
Lower or similar |
| Skin blood flow |
? |
? |
| Blood pressure |
? |
? |
| Changes in blood volume |
? |
? |
| Temperature |
|
|
| Core body temperature (TC) |
Higher or similar |
Lower or similar |
| Rate of increase in TC |
Slower or similar |
Faster or similar |
| Skin temperature |
Similar |
Similar |
| Heat loss (E) |
Similar |
Similar |
| Heat loss (R, K & C) |
? |
? |
| Fluid regulation |
|
|
| Sweating rate |
Lower |
Higher or similar |
| Sweat electrolyte loss |
Similar |
Similar |
| Sweat gland size |
? |
? |
| Sweat rate per gland |
Lower |
Higher |
| Number of HASG |
Similar |
Similar |
| Metabolic |
|
|
| VO2 |
Similar |
Similar |
Abbreviations: ? = no available research, E = heat loss via evaporation, R, K & C = heat loss via radiation, conduction and convection, HASG = Heat activated sweat glands.
