Table 2. Non-invasive cardiac output data at rest and during exercise. Data are means (±SD).
| Rest |
Normals |
CHF and Normal CO Response |
CHF and Abnormal CO Response |
p value |
| Cardiac output (L·min-1) |
5.4±1.7 |
4.5±1.4 |
5.7±1.4 |
0.03 |
| Cardiac index (L·min-1·M-2) |
2.9±0.78 |
2.2±0/61* |
3.0±0.81*† |
0.003 |
| Dx/dt (ohme·sec-1) |
171.3±107 |
92.3±52 |
225.4±151 |
<0.001 |
| VET (msec) |
174.3±36 |
167.3±21 |
154.5±17 |
0.14 |
| Ejection fraction |
56.5±9 |
43.4±17 |
43.0±19 |
0.05 |
| Peak Exercise |
| Cardiac output (L·min-1) |
20.0±10.0 |
19.7±6.5 |
11.1±4.4*† |
0.002 |
| Cardiac index (L·min-1·M-2) |
10.6±4.7 |
9.8±3.3 |
5.6±1.7*† |
<0.001 |
| Dx/dt (ohme·sec-1) |
557.8±239 |
429.9±194 |
322.4±141† |
0.01 |
| VET (msec) |
143.6±17 |
142.5±11 |
148.7±13 |
0.39 |
p value represents ANOVA main effect between groups. p < 0.05 vs CHF patients with a normal cardiac output response. p <0.05 vs normal subjects. VET = ventricular ejection time. Dx/dt = peak aortic flow.
