Table 2 Changes in cognitive function and metabolic risk factors. (age and education adjusted). Data are means (±SD).
|
Exercise (n=26) |
Control (n=12) |
P-value* |
| Baseline |
Post |
Baseline |
Post |
| CERAD-K |
Verbal Fluency |
13.46 (3.56) |
14.96 (3.50) |
11.66 (3.98) |
11.67 (3.39) |
.048 |
|
Boston naming test |
11.61 (2.15) |
12.27 (2.29) |
10.25 (2.95) |
10.75 (3.25) |
.262 |
|
MMSE-KC |
26.42 (2.10) |
27.62 (1.75) |
25.66 (2.77) |
26.00 (2.83) |
.214 |
|
Word list learning |
18.50 (4.10) |
20.25 (4.69) |
15.50 (5.10) |
17.00 (4.61) |
.095 |
|
Constructional praxis |
9.38 (1.57) |
10.38 (.94) |
9.75 (1.05) |
10.08 (1.24) |
.414 |
|
Word list recall |
6.26 (1.90) |
7.76 (1.83) |
5.08 (1.78) |
5.58 (2.57) |
.038 |
|
Word list recognition |
9.19 (1.13) |
9.62 (.75) |
8.41 (1.62) |
8.58 (1.88) |
.007 |
|
Constructional recall |
6.73 (2.79) |
7.50 (3.26) |
5.08 (2.19) |
5.33 (2.53) |
.189 |
|
Trail making A |
144.34 (125.08) |
71.61 (30.84) |
120.40 (80.38) |
94.51 (68.35) |
.798 |
|
Trail making B |
239.54 (87.63) |
218.03 (82.24) |
266.16 (65.71) |
252.67 (74.86) |
.372 |
|
Total score |
68.42 (9.75) |
75.25 (9.23) |
60.66 (13.25) |
63.66 (12.58) |
.037 |
| BMI (kg·m-2) |
|
25.71 (2.87) |
25.55 (2.95) |
25.90 (2.38) |
25.15 (2.19) |
.156 |
| WC (cm) |
|
94.43 (6.22) |
90.27 (6.13) |
92.95 (5.05) |
88.28 (2.01) |
.703 |
| Triglyceride (mg·dl-1) |
|
126.76 (54.41) |
120.21 (45.68) |
134.90 (50.0) |
124.78 (40.54) |
.564 |
| Glucose (mg·dl-1) |
|
102.00 (10.86) |
110.17 (13.89) |
96.55 (6.71) |
107.00 (6.00) |
.530 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg·dl-1) |
|
53.38 (14.20) |
53.29 (14.19) |
44.08 (7.57) |
46.11 (7.74) |
.458 |
| SBP (mmHg) |
|
131.92 (11.73) |
123.41 (10.83) |
133.41 (7.68) |
130.71 (8.61) |
.559 |
| DBP (mmHg) |
|
80.11 (6.95) |
74.00 (8.04) |
80.91 (5.83) |
80.15 (6.93) |
.794 |
| SGDS-K |
|
3.88 (3.53) |
3.39 (3.05) |
5.16 (4.04) |
5.00 (2.00) |
.341 |
Statistical significance was tested using repeated measures analysis of covariance.* values correspond to between-group comparisons for the change over time for each variable.BMI: body mass index; WC: waist circumference; TG: triglycerides; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; CERAD-K: Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s disease- Korean version; MMSE-KC: Mini-Mental State Examination-Korean version; SGDS-K: Short Geriatric Depression Scale-Korean version.
