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| Study | Sample size(n) |
Sample profile | Type of training | Strength training program | Duration | Changes in strength | Changes in golf performance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Doan et al. (2006) | n = 10 (M); n = 6 (F); no CNT; RA? | age 19.3 ± 1.5 yr; M: average HCP zero. F: HCP 5-10 | RT, MB, flexibility | FW, 3 workouts: 3 x 10-12 reps (wk 1-5); 3 x 7-8 reps (wk 6-11). MB 2 x 10 reps (wk 1-5) and 4 x 8 reps (wk 6-11) | 11 wk; 3 d/wk | Improvements in all exercises (relative strength +7-24%) | +1.62% CHS (NS in M or F only groups) |
| Fletcher and Hartwell (2004) | n = 11 (M) (6 EXP, 5 CNT); RA |
age 29 ± 7.4 yr; HCP 5.5 ± 3.7 | RT, plyometrics, stretching | FW: 3 x 6-8 reps. Plyometrics: 4 exercises, 3 x 6 reps | 8 wk; 2 d/wk | No results | +1.5% CHS EXP; +4.3% DD EXP |
| Hetu et al. (1998) | n = 17 (12 M, 5 F); no CNT; no RA | age 52.4 ± 6.7 yr | RT, plyometrics, flexibility | FW and body-weight: 2 x 10-12 reps to 2 x 6-8 reps with heavier loads; MB: 2 x 15 reps | 8 wk; 2 d/wk | +6.2% Grip; +14.2% CP; +8.1% LE; +38.8% sit-reach; +47.3% TR | +6.3% CHS |
| Landford (1976) | n = 16 (M); n = 5 (F); RA EXP; n = 16 (M); n = 5 (F) RA CNT |
age 18 to 56 yr; HCP 0-27 EXP; HCP 0-21 CNT | RT | 8 exercises; 2 sets. 1, 6, 20 and 30 reps depending on the exercise | 10 wk; 3 d/wk | Gains for EXP in BP, RGS and LGS | M: increase in DD in EXP. F: NS for EXP. DD correlated to BP, RGS, LGS |
| Lephart et al. (2007) | n = 15 (M) | age 47.2 ± 11.4yr; HCP 12.1 ± 6.4 | RT, flexibility, balance | Elastic resistance tubing: 3 x 10-15 reps bilateral | 8 wk; 3-4 d/wk | TR (+8.9% LT 60°/s; +7.5% RT 60°/s; +13.3% RT 120 °/s), isometric (+8.6% LH abd; +9.9% RH abd) | +7.7% CD; +6.8% TD; +5.0% BS; +5.2% CHS |
| Lennon(1999) | Study A: n = 14; CNT; RA Study B: n = 28 (M) | A: age 16 ± 0.4yr; HCP ? B: ? | A: RT and flexibility B: RT, flexibility, endurance, balance | Unspecified | A: 8 wk; 4 d/wk B: 1 yr; 4 d/wk | A: grip strength, leg strength. NS changes CNT B: improvements, unspecified | A: greater distance, unspecified B: Best-ever performance, unspecified |
| Pinter (1992) | n = 25 (M); RA in 4 groups (n = 7 each plus n = 7 CNT) | age 19 to 23 yr; HCP < 4 | RT, flexibility, or combination of both | A: RT group: FW: 3 x 10 rep (60% RM) to 3 x 4 rep (85% RM); B: Flexibility training; C: RT (same as A) + 6 flexibility exercises; D: CNT (no strength or flexibility training) | 8 wk; 3 d/wk | Not assessed | NS changes pre-post |
| Reyes(2002) | n = 19 (10 EXP, 9 CNT); no RA | age 32 to 84 yr; HCP 17 ± 9 EXP; HCP 21 ± 8 CNT | RT | Isometric training; 12 exercises; heaviest load that can be held for 10 to 20 s in each exercise | 7 wk | Increase in mean strength | NS correlation between increase in strength and DD |
| Seiler et al. (2006) | n = 10 EXP; n = 10 CNT | EXP: age 15 ± 2 yr; HCP 13. CNT: age 15.8 ± 2 yr; HCP 6 | Core and RST (EXP), traditional RT (CNT) | Unspecified | 9 + 2 wk | No results | CHS: +3.8% EXP, +1.2% CNT |
| Thompson and Osness (2004) | n = 31 (M); (19 EXP, 12 CNT); RA | age 65.1 ± 6.2 yr; all HCP levels | RT, flexibility | Weight-training machines: 10 upper- and lower-body exercises: 1 x 12 reps (80% RM) | 8 wk | +60.4% BC; +35.6% CP; +38.3% SP; +36.9% SR; +41.1% LP; +38.5% LE | CHS: +2.7% EXP |
| Thompson et al. (2007) | n = 18 (M) (11 EXP, 7 CNT); RA | age 70.7 ± 7.1yr | RT, endurance, flexibility, balance, rotational power | Stability ball training: 1 x 15reps (wk 1-2); 2 x 12-15 reps (wk 3-4); 3 x 12 reps (wk 5-6); 3 x 8reps (wk 7-8) | 8 wk; 90 min/wk | Improvements in chair stand test and step test | CHS: +4.9% |
| Westcott et al. (1996) | n = 17 (13 M, 4 F); n = 5 CNT; no RA | age 57 yr | RT, flexibility | Weight-training machines: load that allowed 8 to 12 reps | 8 wk; 3 d/wk | +56% 10RM LE; NS for CNT | CHS: +6% EXP |