Table 2 Changes in the measured variables before and after six months of interventions. Data are means (±SD).
|
Exercise (n=15) |
Control (n=10) |
| Variable |
Pre-test |
Post-test |
Change |
Pre-test |
Post-test |
Change |
| Body mass (kg) |
66.9 (8.5) |
67.1 (9.1 |
.2 (2.1) |
68.4 (10.2) |
68.1 (9.0) |
-.3 (2.3) |
| BMI (kg·m-2) |
25.2 (2.5) |
25.3 (2.7 |
.08 (.81) |
25.8 (2.5) |
25.8 (2.0) |
-.10 (.87) |
| Body fat (%) |
24.1 (6.6) |
22.7 (6.5 |
-1.3 (2.9)* |
24.7 (5.6) |
25.7 (5.7)† |
1.0 (1.0) |
| Waist-hip ratio |
.93 (.04) |
.88 (.04)† † |
-.04 (.05)* |
.90 (.05) |
.92 (.07) |
.02 (.04) |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) |
139 (17) |
130 (19)† |
-9 (14) |
135 (15) |
137 (18) |
2 (18) |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) |
74 (7) |
73 (10) |
-1 (9) |
73 (9) |
77 (5) |
4 (7) |
| VO2max (ml·kg-1·min-1) |
41.3 (8.9) |
44.4 (6.3) |
3.1 (8.9) |
37.3 (6.8) |
37.6 (6.8) |
.3 (2.7) |
| Plasma glucose (mmol·L-1) |
| †ƒFasting |
6.86 (1.40) |
6.19 (1.47)† |
-.66 (1.11)** |
6.24 (1.66) |
6.69 (1.73)† |
.45 (.62) |
| †ƒ2-hr postchallenge |
13.9 (5.8) |
9.83 (4.33)† † |
-4.03 (3.65)* |
11.11 (5.26) |
10.58 (4.41) |
-.53 (3.19) |
| Serum insulin (µU·ml-1) |
| †ƒFasting |
9.62 (3.23 |
7.37 (2.65)† |
-2.25 (3.11) |
11.68 (4.30) |
11.22 (4.79) |
-.46 (1.13) |
| †ƒ2-hr postchallenge |
41.5 (18.5) |
28.3 (11.2)† † |
-13.3 (11.4)** |
49.0 (25.6) |
50.0 (26.0) |
1.0 (.8) |
| HbAlc (%) |
6.69 (1.08) |
6.14 (.71)† † |
-.55 (.58)* |
5.92 (.81) |
5.98 (.63) |
.06 (.46) |
| Total cholesterol (mmol·L-1) |
5.47 (1.27) |
4.47 (1.08)† † |
-.99 (.95)** |
5.05 (.89) |
5.41 (.96) |
.36 (.54) |
| Triglycerides (mmol·L-1) |
1.85 (.97) |
1.45 (.54) |
-.40 (.96)* |
1.79 (1.07) |
2.22 (1.21) |
.43 (.75) |
| HDL-C (mmol·L-1) |
.94 (.18) |
.85 (.22) |
-.09 (1.91) |
.94 (.35) |
.88 (.26) |
-.06 (.26) |
| LDL-C (mmol·L-1) |
4.17 (1.15) |
3.33 (1.03)† † |
-.82 (.89)** |
3.75 (.90) |
4.08 (.74) |
.34 (.70) |
| Peak torque of isokinetic plantar flexion |
| †ƒat 30 degree·s-1 (Nm) |
31.5 (18.5) |
44.3 (20.2)† |
12.7 (9.6)** |
24.6 (14.7) |
26.9 (13.1) |
2.3 (6.4) |
| †ƒat 60 degree·s-1 (Nm) |
15.3 (8.2) |
25.2 (15.4)† |
10.4 (16.3) |
13.7 (11.6) |
16.2 (11.3) |
2.5 ± 8.0 |
| Peak torque of isokinetic dorsal flexion |
| †ƒat 30 degree·s-1 (Nm) |
14.5 (5.5) |
17.9 (4.5)† † |
3.5 (5.3) |
10.6 (5.7) |
11.5 (5.5) |
.9 (4.3) |
| †ƒat 60 degree·s-1 (Nm) |
9.6 (3.5) |
12.0 (4.6)† |
2.6 (3.9) |
8.6 (2.8) |
10.9 (5.9) |
2.3 (5.7) |
| 6-min walk (m) |
538 (56) |
596 (52)† † |
58 (39)** |
523 (50) |
513 (54) |
-11 (30) |
BMI, body mass index; VOmax, predicted maximal oxygen uptake; HbA, glycosylated hemoglobin; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.* p < 0.05;** p < 0.01, comparison of the changes between the groups.† p < 0.05;† † p < 0.01, between the pre- and post-tests within the groups.
