 |
| |
| Growth factors | Function | References |
|---|---|---|
| TGF-β1 | Cellular migration and proliferation; cell replication, collagen synthesis production of extracellular matrix reconstruction of basement membrane of damaged myofibres and satellite cells, Scar tissue formation such as in adult wounds |
Molloy, 2003 Husmann, 1996 Kovacevic, 2011 |
| TGF- β2 | Increase of collagen production Scarless wound healing such as in fetal wounds |
Klein, 2002 Pryce, 2009 |
| TGF- β3 | Reduction of scar tissue formation after healing like in fetal wounds more favorable ratio of Collagen 1 to Collagen 3 ratio | Kovacevic, 2011 |
| VEGF | Angiogenesis, tendon cell proliferation, type 1 collagen synthesis, muscle fibre reconstitution, angiogenesis in muscle | Anitua, 2005; Arsic, 2004; Bachl, 2009; Engebretsen, 2010 |
| PDGF | Mesenchymal stem cell replication, ostoid production, endothelial cell replication, collagen synthesis, collagen and protein synthesis. Synthesis of other factors (e.g IGF-1) resulting in fibroblast proliferation and differentiation, collagen deposition, and angiogenesis | Hsu, 2004 Everts P, 2006 Foster 2009 |
| FGF | Stimulator of angiogenesis and regulator of cellular migration and proliferation. Influencing angiogenesis and satellite cell numbers | Molloy, 2003; Wright Carpenter, 2004; Bachl N, 2009 |
| IGF-1c (MGF) | Autocrine/paracrine, more potent than IGF-1Ea at causing hypertrophy | Philippou, 2007 |
| IGF-1a | Stimulates terminal differentiation of muscle cells into myotubes and promote stem cell-mediated muscle regeneration | Philippou, 2007 |
| EGF | Proliferation of fibroblasts and epithelial cells. Synthesis and turn over of proteins of the extracellular matrix, including fibronectin, collagens, laminin, and glycosaminoglycans. Strong chemoattractant for fibroblasts and epithelial cells | Borrione, 2010 |