Table 2. Mean (± Standard Error) shoulder peak moments (Nm) and joint power (W).
Downward acceleration Upward acceleration Follow-through
A B C A B C A B C
Maximal moment peak
Flexion 26.8
(4.6)
27.2
(3.8)
27.2
(4.8)
58.2
(6.8)
60.0
(6.6
54.5
(7.8)
28.2
(7.3)
33.4
(3.7)
30.5
(7.7)
Adduction –1.8
(1.7)
–3.1
(1.7)
–3.0
(1.1)
54.8
(13.0)
52.3
(8.8)
53.8
(16.3)
35.9
(4.8)
45.5
(3.1)
42.3
(9.1)
Internal rotation 21.7
(4.4)
21.6
(3.5)
21.6
(4.6)
50.6 † 
(6.4)
44.8
(5.1)
45.6
(7.7)
18.0
(4.1)
23.5
(3.6)
22.4
(5.5)
Minimal torque peak
Extension 4.0
(3.6)
4.4
(3.0)
3.3
(3.5)
–75.5
(14.3)
–76.6
(10.0)
–73.4
(19.8)
–64.3
(13.0)
–59.1
(9.2)
–56.4
(16.6)
Abduction –15.6
(1.9)
–16.5
(1.6)
–16.4
(1.8)
–9.0
(1.1)
–13.5
(.6)
–11.0
(1.6)
–31.5
(6.3)
–35.3
(8.2)
–29.1
(9.0)
External rotation –2.1
(3.6)
–1.0
(3.6)
–1.6
(3.6)
–15.5
(4.0)
–16.5
(4.8)
–14.8
(4.1)
–25.5 *† 
(5.5)
–20.5
(4.6)
–21.9
(6.2)
Mean Positive Power 28.0
(8.7)
23.6
(6.8)
26.6
(7.8)
224.0 † 
(38.3)
196.6
(19.1)
179.2
(35.9)
161.7
(55.9)
203.6
(38.1)
169.7
(49.0)
Mean Negative Power –7.3
(3.8)
–15.2
(10.4)
–7.4
(4.5)
–276.8
(76.4)
–260.4
(99.4)
–223.5
(79.1)
–279.3 † 
(77.9)
–223.2
(71.3)
–226.2
(72.3)
* Post hoc comparison between A and B rackets†  Post hoc comparison between A and C rackets, with p ≤ 0.05.