Changes in the Game Characteristics of a Badminton Match: A Longitudinal Study through the Olympic Game Finals Analysis in Men’s Singles

Table 2. Change in temporal structure of Badminton Men’s singles final during Olympic Game (OG). Data are means (±SD).

Variables	OG-92	OG-96	OG-00	OG-04	OG-08	OG-12	F	Effect size (η²)
Rest Time (s)	22.0 (1.5)^e,f	14.8(1.4)^a,c,d,e,f	22.6 (1.6)^a,b,e,f	21.6 (1.7)^b,d	30.3(2.0)^a,b,c,d	33.5 (1.5)^a,b,c,d	24.4**	.164
Rally Time (s)	12.9 (1.0)^b,c,d,e,f	5.5(.6)^a,c,d,e,f	9.6 (.7)^a,b	8.4 (.7)^a,b	9.3 (.9)^a,b	10.1 (.7)^a,b	11.8**	.094
N° of shots per rally	12.3 (.9)^b,c,d	5.4 (.3)^a,c,d,e,f	9.7 (.8) ^a,b,f	9.8 (.9) ^a,b,f	10.8 (1.0)^b	12.0 (.9)^b,c,d	12.5**	.100
EPT	34.7 (1.4)^b,d,e,f	26.8 (1.2)^b,f	30.8 (1.5)^a	26.6 (1.5)	25.3 (1.8)^b	22.7 (1.4)^a,b,c	8.3**	.069
Shot frequency	.9 (.2)^c,d,e,f,g	1.0 (.3)^a,c,d,e	1.1 (.3)^a,d,e,f	1.2 (.2)^a,b	1.2 (.2)^a,b,c	1.3 (.3)^a,b,c	23.8**	.175

EPT= effective playing time.^e difference with OG-08^f difference with OG-12.^d difference with OG-04^c difference with OG-00^a difference with OG-92^b difference with OG-96** p < 0.0001*p < 0.001